Abstract
Thirty-six daily duplicate diet samples were collected from 12 healthy female Japanese vegans and sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, selenium, chromium and molybdenum in the diets were measured to estimate mineral and trace element intake by Japanese vegans. Significantly higher intake of potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, manganese and molybdenum was observed in vegans than in general Japanese women, but no difference was observed in sodium, iodine, selenium and chromium intake. Vegan calcium intake tended to be low compared to that of general women but the difference was not significant. Since high potassium, magnesium and iron intakes cannot be achieved by general Japanese diets and high intake of potassium and magnesium may prevent hyperextension and cardiovascular disease in vegans, there are few problems with Japanese vegan diets regarding mineral and trace element intake, except for calcium intake, which is low as it is in the general Japanese people.
Highlights
Vegetarian diets, essentially excluding animal foods, have become increasingly popular in developed countries [1]
It is thought that the effect of adopting a vegan diet on the nutrient intake pattern is different between the West and Japan
To evaluate mineral and trace element intake by Japanese vegans, duplicate diet samples were collected from Japanese vegans, and concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, selenium, chromium and molybdenum were measured
Summary
Vegetarian diets, essentially excluding animal foods, have become increasingly popular in developed countries [1]. These diets are classified according to the types of animal foods consumed, and strict vegetarians consuming no foods of animal origin are known as vegans. Regarding the intake of minerals and trace elements, vegetarians, including vegans, show low intakes of calcium, zinc and selenium because the main sources of these micronutrients are animal foods in Western diets [3,4]. Little research has examined the nutrient intake of vegetarians in Japan [6], and research on the intake of minerals and trace elements by Japanese vegans is scarce. To evaluate mineral and trace element intake by Japanese vegans, duplicate diet samples were collected from Japanese vegans, and concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, selenium, chromium and molybdenum were measured
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