Estimation of micro hydro power plant capacity from potential sites

This paper presents the economic-analysis results and calculated potentials to study future installation of micro hydro power (MHP) plants in some selected canals of Chia-Nan Irrigation Association in Taiwan. There are total 17 Irrigation Associations in Taiwan and each Irrigation Association has a number of irrigation canals with available water captured from several large streams in Taiwan for farmland irrigation. These irrigation canals have potentials to generate electric power using MHP plants. This paper studies the potentials and economics of seven irrigation canals with water heads higher than 2 m. Direct cost, indirect cost, standby budget, and maintenance cost, etc. are employed to compare with the average annual return that the generated electric energy delivers to the utility grid using a simple payback-period method. With the proposed economic- analysis results and potential outcomes, Chia-Nan Irrigation Association may determine the best locations with minimum payback years to install suitable MHP plants for electric power generation. This economic method can also be applied to other Irrigation Associations in Taiwan to take best advantage of water resources.

Clean water or fresh water, food and energy are basic human needs. The three basic needs are dependent to one another. The relationship between the three is called the "The nexus of Water, Energy, and Food". It requires good governance on watershed which will be implemented for example to manage water resources to fulfil demand of clean or drinking water, irrigation in food area and energy sources in hydro power plant. This study conducted analysis and simulation to prepare projection of electricity produced by Micro hydro Power Plant (MHP) It integrates a climate change scenarios to forecast its influence on electricity demand and response of river. In addition, the study also presented projections of influence on irrigated food production scenario in irrigation for rice paddy fields. Projection of The MHP electricity and the water demand including for the food sector is conducted by using the WEAP (Water Evaluation and Planning) software, while electricity demand forecast is conducted by applying the LEAP (Long-Range Energy Alternatives Planning) software. The case studies in this study conducted in river flows Bayang’s River. On the river there are three operating MHPs: The Muaro Aie MHP (ity30 kW of installed capac), The Koto Ranah MHP (30 kW) and The Pancuang Taba MHP (40 kW). The LEAP simulation projected electricity demand for Pesisir Selatan until 2025. Demand for South Pesisir Regency up to 2025 is predicted to reach 226.4 GWh with growth of 11.2% per year in BAU scenario, while reach 113.7 GWh with a 5% annual growth in efficiency scenario. The WEAP provided projected electricity production of MHP, basic water needs and irrigation needs for paddy fields in District IV Nagari Bayang Utara until 2025. The MHP electricity production in final year of projection with BAU scenario reaches 0.88 GWh, while with a climate change scenario of 0.63 GWh. The electricity demand fulfilled by MHP is predicted to be 0.39% in the BAU scenario, 0.28% in climate change scenarios, and 0.55% in the electricity savings scenario. Of the three MHP, the MHP Pancuang Taba is the most vulnerable to climate change, while MHP Koto Ranah shows relatively lower fluctuation. The highest staple water requirement is for Pancuang Taba which is 3643.4 thousand m3. The growth of staple water needs until 2025 tends to be constant. and most rice irrigation needs are in agriculture 2 of 976 thousand m3. The growth of irrigation needs of Bayang watershed until 2025 tends to be constant. Most irrigation needs for paddy fields are in irrigation area of “Agriculture 2” reaching 976,000 m3. The growth of irrigation needs in Bayang watershed tends to be constant.

Electricity supply database from the Afghan national authority for electricity supply shows that about only 20% of the population in Afghanistan had access to grid electricity by 2010. The national utility has a total capacity of about 842 MW, out of which about 696 MW was operational. Additionally, many decentralized units (Micro Hydropower (MHP) plants, diesel generators and solar home systems) supply electricity to about 7% of the population. The donors supported National Solidarity Programme (NSP) has promoted hundreds of rural electrification projects. MHP plants are the major renewable energy based projects among them. In order to identify the operational status of installed MHP plants in four North-eastern provinces (i.e. Badakhshan, Baghlan, Balkh and Takhar) and to assess their socio-economic impacts, an extensive field monitoring had been carried out. The major parameters studied were spatial distribution of MHP plants, investment costs, operational models, end user electricity tariffs, productive use of electricity, community satisfaction, etc. Altogether, 421 MHP installations (about 11 MW installed capacity) were visited. The outcomes obtained from those surveys are presented in detail in this paper.

The community service was conducted at the Laboratory of the Faculty of Engineering, Cenderawasih University. The topics is The Development Training of "MHP Community-Based Self", given the potential for development of renewable energy sources potential so desperately needs a good knowledge of how business can be done to develop the potential utilization of renewable energy, especially the MHP as electricity generator spread in Papua based society. The approach offered in this activity is to provide an overview of activities that will be implemented in the development of electrical energy (MHP) based independent community. Implementation of these activities are done through training and simulation in the field how to ultimately determine the location of micro hydro power plants, and utilization of energy available in the location to be effective and efficient in their utilization, especially for the development of home industries in the villages. It is hoped this activity will produce a group of people who can develop electrical energy independent community-based MHP and produced a training module for community service learning development of micro hydro power plant (MHP). The impact of this activity can form a community of skilled, creative, innovative and independent as well as increased utilization of new and renewable energy, especially in the field of micro hydro power plant as well as the needs of the community on electrical energy can be addressed and their efforts in the community independent produktivities.Keywords: Papua, MHP, energy, produktivities

Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHPP) is emerging as one of the most clean, renewable and reliable energy technology for harnessing power. In MHPP hydro governors are avoided, that results in turbine speed fluctuation. MHPP requires either speed or torque amplification of generator for constant power generation. To achieve this, planetary gear transmission system is explored for MHPP due to its higher efficiency and compact size. A conceptual planetary gearbox system is developed for MHPP to maintain constant generator speed. The conceptual gearbox is designed, modelled and analysed using ADAMS software. Simulation results are found to be in close agreement with analytical results. Hence, conceptual design of planetary gearbox can be used to govern constant generator speed. In this paper, a MHPP which generate constant power of 5 kW at constant generator speed of 1490 rpm is analysed and validated

A micro hydro power plant (MHPP) is a small-scale power plant that converts the potential energy of the air into mechanical work, turning turbines and generators to generate electrical power. Small scale, which is around 0-100 kW. The construction of a Micro-hydro Power Plant (MHPP) is an alternative supply of electrical energy, especially in rural areas that are not covered by the electricity grid State Power Plant. MHPP has a high potential as an alternative to renewable energy sources. Thus, the reliability of the system built is a must forget quality electricity. In a power plant, what is considered is the stability of the output voltage generated by the generator; this is necessary to keep the consumer's equipment from being damaged. Unstable voltage can also Age-reduce equipment (lifetime) owned by consumers.
 Keywords: Micro Hydro Power Plant 2; Alternative, 3; Electric Power

Compared with large hydro power plants, micro hydropower plants are emerging as a major renewable energy resource because they do not encounter the problems of population displacement and environmental problems. Micro hydropower plants are conducted in two different configurations. One is isolated mode and the other is grid-connected mode. Under any mode, controller plays a vital role for automatic generation control (AGC) of micro hydropower plants. Especially, frequency and load are regulated entirely by the controller under the isolated mode. But the controller design becomes challenging because the number of measurable state variables is usually less than the number of system state variables. This paper addresses a sliding-mode controller for the AGC problem of micro hydropower plants under the isolated mode. After modeling the AGC system, a reduced-order model is obtained from the initial model via the method of model reduction. Then, the sliding-mode controller is designed on basis of the reduced-order model, and is applied to the initial model for simulations. The simulation results illustrate the feasibility and robustness of the sliding-mode controller under the isolated mode for the AGC problem of micro hydropower plants.

Power management scheme of DC micro-grid integrated with photovoltaic - Battery - Micro hydro power plant

Design of BFA-optimized fuzzy electronic load controller for micro hydro power plants

Community in Desa Karason Raya District Tewah have no access to the State Electricity Network (PLN), when electricity is needed for development in this village. Karason Raya Village has potential of water resources that can be used as a generator of Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHPP) but these resources are not optimally explored. This study aims to determine the socio-economic conditions, geological conditions, hydrology. The amount of power that can be provided by the Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHPP) and the strategies when the Micro Hydro Power Plant (MHPP) wll be developed by SWOT Analysis. Research is done in Desa Karason Raya District Tewah. Methodology used was secondry data analysis, interviews, and field observations to obtain the necessary data. Results showed that the type of Malihan Pinoh rock (PzRp) composed of fillit , kis, quartize and genealogy. The slope of ground conditions along Sungai Pasak suling tributary quite steep on both the river are rocky hills that are not symmetrical. Calhmet wide area 7.50 Km², 1.30 m³/sec measureable water discharge, 13 metres high water fall and potential generated power of 168.339,60 watts

Water is the most important part of human day to day life and natural limited resource. Hydro energy is source of regenerative energy and also being clean as well as environment-friendly. This research paper intends to show the emerging concepts hydroelectricity generated from hydro power plant. Energy demand increases due to rapid urbanization and increase in population growth. And the time is not far away when we will not have sufficient amount of electricity to fulfill our daily need. To avoid the occurrence of such dark future, this prototype device can be implemented to generate electricity with Micro hydro power plant (MHP) at Gandheli Campus of MGM Institute as itbeing a rural belt situated atop the South-Eastern hills of Aurangabad. The purpose of the study is to design a micro hydro power plant for MGM Gandheli campus. Series of Micro Hydroelectric power turbines can be installed at Main Water Inlet Tank, Farm Ponds at four different locations. The micro hydro power has a huge potential globally and at this site it can be one of the best available solutions for electricity generation. So this will reduce the grid based demand of conventional energy currently utilized. Turbines are the crucial working apparatus required in micro hydro power plants. The theoretical calculations for this concept may serve better on practical implementation. The main motive behind this concept is to generate electricity from efficient non conventional means available on site. Keywords: Renewable energy, Hydroelectricity,

Micro hydropower plants (MHPP) have gained significant attention as renewable energy source due to their environmental friendliness and potential for local power generation. However, the presence of voltage and current harmonics due to the variations in the load of micro hydropower plants can deteriorate power quality and cause operational challenges. Traditionally, an electronic load controller (ELC) has been an essential part of the MHPP, whose main function is to keep the power consumption equal to the generated power in order to keep the voltage and frequency stable. In this paper, we propose an innovative approach to enhance power quality in MHPP through the implementation of an FPGA-based harmonic elimination technique in an ELC. The proposed system employs an FPGA-based ELC, which enables real-time monitoring and control of load characteristics. By employing an advanced harmonic elimination technique using a discrete-time PID controller inside the FPGA, the system effectively eliminates voltage and current harmonics, resulting in improved power quality. The FPGA-based implementation provides high-speed and accurate control, allowing for rapid response to dynamic load changes. Experimental results obtained from a prototype of the FPGA-based ELC design demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system in significantly reducing harmonics and enhancing power quality. Comparative analysis with traditional control techniques confirms the superiority of the FPGA-based approach in terms of harmonic elimination performance. The proposed system offers a cost-effective and reliable solution for enhancing power quality in micro hydropower plants, thereby facilitating their integration into the grid and promoting sustainable energy practices. The proposed design was first simulated in the MATLAB Simulink and then a complete hardware model was implemented using a Xilinx FPGA and tested on an MHPP site. It performed very well on the physical site.

BackgroundMany rural electrification projects around the world employ micro hydropower plants (MHPs). These installations provide immediate and direct benefits to the local people. However, the sustainability of their operation in the long run remains a vital issue. Without proper sustainability assessment, the projects may face operational problems. However, to date, only a few empirical studies exist which offer tools to assess sustainability of MHP projects post-implementation. Given that every site has peculiar characteristics that could largely vary from site to site, there is a need to develop a model which could assess and compare the feasibility of the projects from the sustainability point of view before the project is implemented. For this purpose, a thorough sustainability assessment model was developed for an MHP project in a mountainous region of Nepal.MethodsThis paper presents a sustainability assessment model for micro hydropower plants. In order to collect the data necessary to run the model, different sets of questionnaires were prepared for all relevant stakeholders. The developed model was used to assess an overall sustainability of a 26-kW plant at Mahadevsthan in Dhading District of Nepal. At this site, 15 community households, a project management committee member, an operator, and three policy makers/micro hydro experts were interviewed. The indicator system developed here was finalized with the stakeholder’s participation.ResultsA sustainability assessment model for the operation of micro hydropower plants in a remote rural area of Nepal was developed. Our model includes 54 assessment indicators taking into account economic, social, environmental, and technical sustainability dimensions and a scoring system (ranging from 1 to 5, with 5 being the best). It was found that the social dimension shows the best performance with a score of 4.17 for the studied MHP, followed by environmental (3.94), economic (3.74), and technical dimensions (3.04).ConclusionsThe results show that the developed model creates a qualitative and quantitative basis for sustainability assessment of MHPs, allowing easiness for comparison of micro hydro projects, providing an effective decision-making support tool in rural electrification and development sector. The input of all stakeholders in identifying site-specific indicators that are relevant to the sustainability of the projects is crucial for minimizing biases in the assessment framework.

Energy is a major need in human life, but along with the population growth will be the availability of electrical energy especially that from fossil fuels are being reduced and insufficient for the needs of small-scale electric power listrik.Pembangkit potential as an alternative to fossil energy sources namely renewable micro hydro power plant availability of electricity in remote villages in the district of Bone Bolango is alarming, so it was done research on Analysis of Potential Development of micro hydro power plant (MHP) in Bone regency Bolango. This study aims to provide an overview and preliminary information on the potential of hydropower as a basis for planning and development of micro hydro power plant. In this research will be outlined potential sites for the development of MHP with power potential, specifications turbindan civilian buildings. Measurement of power was awakened by the amount of streamflow in Mongiilo Desa Ulu Subdistrict Bolango Bone Bolango District. Debit analyzed based on observation of the flow rate by using a current meter. From the analysis of the amount of power potential in getting aroused in the research area of 289,935Kw with ideal flow 12.14 m3 / sec, the average efficiency of 65% with the plan fell 3.75 m high. This power is sufficient magnitude elektrifitas needs of residents in the study area that is equal to 65kW.

The need for cheaper electricity generation rises as the price of fossil fuels is increasingly nowadays. Hydropower plant is one of the most efficient and environmentally friendly alternative power plant sources. In this research works, a prototype of small-scale hydro power plant known as micro hydro power plant (MHPP) was developed for educational and research purpose. The motivation of this work is based on there is no field laboratory could be used for students to study the concept and actively involved in electricity generation at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Johor Bahru campus, Malaysia. This work hopefully become the catalyst for further research regarding renewable energy source, particularly in MHPP research. The research flow for this work begins with feasibility activities to determine some potential sites for development of MHPP at UTM Johor Campus. There are 7 (seven) potential sites based on site visits and data analysis. From the data analysis, the most suitable site chosen for MPPP prototype development. The prototype was built based on the improved design. The results show that the constructed prototype is capable for generating electricity. This prototype can be used as a field laboratory and for educational and research purpose.