Abstract
Whistler observations during nighttimes made at low latitude Indian ground stations Jammu (geomag. lat., 29°26'N; L = 1.17), Nainital (geomag. lat., 19°1'N; L = 1.16) and Varanasi (geomag. lat., 14°55'N; L = 1.11) are used to deduce electron temperatures and electric field in the vicinity of the magnetospheric equator. The accurate curve fitting and parameter estimation technique are used to compute nose frequency and equatorial electron densities from the dispersion measurements of short whistlers recorded at Jammu, Nainital and Varanasi. In this paper, our aim is to estimate the Magnetospheric electron temperatures and electric field from the dispersion analysis of short whistlers observed at low latitudes by using different methods. The results obtained are in good agreement with the results reported by other workers.
Highlights
It is well known that lightning discharges are accompanied by the generation of electromagnetic waves in a wide frequency range [1,2]
Wave energy can penetrate into the magnetosphere and propagate almost along geomagnetic field lines to the opposite hemisphere where it is recorded by a radio receiver called whistler
The non-nose whistlers recorded at Jammu, Nainital and Varanasi have been analyzed to estimate the equatorial electron density, electron temperature and electric field in the equatorial magnetosphere
Summary
It is well known that lightning discharges are accompanied by the generation of electromagnetic waves in a wide frequency range [1,2]. The dynamic spectrum of the recorded signal is typically dispersed in the spectrogram. These signals sometimes proceeded by an associated signal with an undispersed dynamic spectrum and are generated during the same lightning discharges but propagate in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide [2,3]. When this signal is recorded and coincides approximately with the moment of lightning discharge, its time delay does not usually exceed 0.04 s [4] as the velocity of wave propagation in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide is close to velocity of light, this signal is called an atmospheric or sferic. The whistler signal intensity is normally greatest at few kHz within the ELF/ VLF band; 1 - 20 kHz (Carpenter, 1962)
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