Estimation of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1 α) levels in serum and gingival crevicular fluid in periodontal health, disease, and after treatment—A clinico-biochemical study

Abstract

Objectives: Previous studies have revealed high macrophage inflammatory protein-1α (MIP-1α) levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the serum of patients with chronic periodontitis. However, reports correlating the GCF and serum MIP-1α levels are inadequate. Therefore, the present study estimates the GCF and serum MIP-1α levels and its effects on periodontal health, disease, and after periodontal treatment.Materials and Methods: Periodontal examination and collection of GCF and serum was performed for 60 subjects categorized into four groups with 20 subjects in each group: Group I (healthy), group II (gingivitis), and group III (chronic periodontitis). Eight weeks after scaling and root planing, the GCF and serum were collected from 20 patients of group III, who were considered as group IV. MIP-1α levels were estimated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: MIP-1α was detected in all samples. However, the levels reduced significantly in group IV (P < 0.05). Mean MIP-1α levels in GCF and serum were the highest in group III (1.481 ng/μL) and the lowest in group I (0.209 ng/μL), and those in groups II (0.685 ng/μL) and IV (0.276 ng/μL) appeared between those of groups I and III.Conclusions: The GCF and serum MIP-1α levels increased proportionally with the progression of periodontal disease (PD) and decreased after treatment. Because MIP-1α levels in the GCF and serum correlated positively with clinical parameters, MIP-1α may be considered a “novel biomarker” in PD progression. However, controlled longitudinal studies are required to confirm this possibility.