Abstract
Maintenance of bridges in use is essential and measuring the live load distribution factor (LLDF) of a bridge to examine bridge integrity and safety is important. A vehicle loading test has been used to measure the LLDF of a bridge. To carry this out on a bridge in use, traffic control is required because loading must be performed at designated positions using vehicles whose details are known. This makes it difficult to measure LLDF. This study proposed a method of estimating the LLDF of a bridge using the vertical displacement response caused by traveling vehicles under ambient vibration conditions in the absence of vehicle control. Since the displacement response measured from a bridge included both static and dynamic components, the static component required for the estimation of LLDF was extracted using empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The vehicle loading and ambient vibration tests were conducted to verify the validity of the proposed method. It was confirmed that the proposed method can effectively estimate the LLDF of a bridge if the vehicle type and driving lane on the bridge are identified in the ambient vibration test.
Highlights
A static loading test and dynamic loading test were conducted to verify the validity of the method capable of measuring the live load distribution factor (LLDF) of a prestressed concrete (PSC) I girder bridge under ambient vibration conditions using empirical mode decomposition (EMD)
For the displacement response of a bridge attributed to vehicle loads, the low-frequency response is overlapped with the high-frequency component
3,Table displacement of the static component that represents the stiffness of the bridge bridge decreased as the vehicle velocity increased, confirming the increase in displacement decreased as the vehicle velocity increased, confirming the increase in displacement of the of the high-frequency component caused by the interaction the bridge and the high-frequency component caused by the interaction betweenbetween the bridge and the vehicles
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of various parameters, such as the span length, girder spacing, railing, slope, and deck thickness of a bridge, on LLDF using the updated finite element model [34]. The LLDF of a prestressed concrete (PSC) I-girder bridge was measured using a vision-based system in the static loading test, and the finite element model was updated using the measured response [35]. The finite element model of a reinforced concrete I-girder bridge was updated using the results of the vehicle loading test. A static loading test and dynamic loading test were conducted to verify the validity of the method capable of measuring the LLDF of a PSC I girder bridge under ambient vibration conditions using EMD. Estimation of Live Load Distribution Factor Using Empirical Mode Decomposition
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