Estimation of individual thigh muscle volumes from a single-slice muscle cross-sectional area and muscle thickness using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the best single-slice anatomical muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and muscle thickness (MT) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to estimate the overall individual muscle volumes (MVs) of knee extensors and flexors in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Twelve patients (24 legs; 4 men and 8 women) with KOA underwent a 1.5-Tesla axial MRI scan in the femoral region of interest (ROI), between the lesser trochanter and rectus femoris tendon. Individual MVs were calculated by numerical integration based on individual CSAs analyzed at the ROI. The best slice was determined as follows: coefficient of determination ( R2) between MVs measured and those estimated from the femoral length (FL) × CSAs or FL × MTs measured at each 10% interval level of the ROI. These estimation equations were applied for a cross-validation group (24 KOA patients: 12 men and 12 women). Estimated individual MVs of knee extensors and flexors, based on the CSAs at the distal 10% level, significantly correlated with each of the measured individual MVs ( R2: 0.79-0.96, p < 0.05 for all). Similarly, estimated individual knee extensor MVs, based on MTs at the mid-slice, significantly correlated with each of the measured individual MVs ( R2: 0.77-0.84, p < 0.05 for all). The application of the developed regression equation to the cross-validation group did not exhibit any systematic bias. These simple methods could be applied in prospective research with a larger number of patients with KOA.