Abstract
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can be hazardous to humans, especially children, and is associated with sunburn, melanoma, and the risk of skin cancer. Understanding and estimating adults’ and children’s UVR exposure is critical to the design of effective interventions and the production of healthy UVR environments. Currently, there are limitations to the ways computer modeling and field measurements estimate individual UVR exposure in a given landscape. To address these limitations, this study developed an approach of integral calculation using six-directional (up, down, south, north, east, and west) field-measured UVR data and the estimated body exposure ratios (ER) for both children and adults. This approach showed high agreement when compared to a validated approach using ambient UVR and estimated ER data with a high r-square value (90.72% for child and adult models), and a low mean squared error (6.0% for child model and 5.1% for adult model) in an open area. This approach acting as a complementary tool between the climatology level and individual level can be used to estimate individual UVR exposure in a landscape with a complicated shady environment. In addition, measuring daily UVR data from six directions under open sky conditions confirmed that personal dosimeters underestimate actual individual UVR exposure.
Highlights
Based on wavelength, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is subdivided into UVA (315–400 nm), UVB (290–315 nm), and UVC (200–290 nm)
UVR has been associated with three major kinds of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and cutaneous malignant melanoma [2]
ERP s were calculated for each body part on different seasonal days (Table 2)
Summary
Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is subdivided into UVA (315–400 nm), UVB (290–315 nm), and UVC (200–290 nm). The UVC band is the most energetic radiation but does not penetrate the atmosphere. UVB and UVA that penetrate the atmosphere have the highest biological impact to human health. Skin cancer is one of the most significant public health problems. More people are diagnosed with skin cancer each year in the U.S than all other cancers combined [1]. UVR has been associated with three major kinds of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and cutaneous malignant melanoma [2]. According to the American Cancer Society, over 100,000 new cases of melanoma skin cancer and more than 7000 death of melanoma will occur in 2020 [3]
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