Abstract
Hydroxyl free radicals produced in Fricke solution exposed to 80 kV X-rays or 23 kHz ultrasound (intensity 3 W cm −2) or 20 kHz ultrasound (intensity 18.9 W cm −2) or 3.5 MHz clinical ultrasound (intensity 1.47 W cm −2), as estimated from the Fricke dosimetric data, exhibited a linear dose-response relationship. The dosimeter was found to be effective in the concentration range 1.0–8.0 mM of FeSO 4 solution. The hydroxyl radicals produced in Fricke solution were inhibited by the OH radical scavengers dimethyl sulfoxide (200 mM), l-histidine (10 mM) and sodium benzoate (10 mM) in a manner proportional to the rate constants of their reaction with the OH radicals. The power threshold for OH radical formation, which is presumably the threshold for cavity formation, was estimated for 23 kHz ultrasound by this dosimeter as 1.28 W cm −2 for a 4 cm 3 sample volume.
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