Abstract

 
 
 We estimated household income diversification in settlement types of the poorest provinces in South Africa – the Eastern Cape, Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal. We obtained data from the 2010/2011 Income and Expenditure Survey from Statistics South Africa and Wave 3 data from the National Income Dynamics Study. We used the number of income sources, the number of income earners and the Shannon Diversity Index to estimate income diversification in the study provinces. The results show that households in the traditional and urban formal areas diversified income sources to a greater extent than households in urban informal and rural formal settlements. The varied degrees of income diversification in the three provinces suggest that targeted policy initiatives aimed at enhancing household income are important in these provinces.
 
 
 
 
 Significance: 
 
 
 
 Indices yet to be used in South Africa were used in the analysis of StatsSA data to understand income diversification.
 Poverty is mostly concentrated in the traditional areas and urban informal areas.
 Households in the traditional areas and urban informal areas derive livelihood mostly from social transfers and remittances, whereas those in the urban formal areas derive income from business, labour income and financial capital returns.
 
 
 
Highlights
Introduction and problem statementLivelihood diversification is increasingly seen as one of the pathways for poverty reduction and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa.[1]
The results indicated that 53% of households in urban formal settlements relied on income from business activities and labour, while 50% relied on income from subsistence farming
Data for empirical estimates were obtained from the 2010/2011 Income and Expenditure Survey (IES) from Statistics South Africa (StatsSA) and Wave 3 data from the National Income Dynamic Study
Summary
Introduction and problem statementLivelihood diversification is increasingly seen as one of the pathways for poverty reduction and economic growth in sub-Saharan Africa.[1]. We estimated household income diversification in settlement types of the poorest provinces in South Africa – the Eastern Cape, Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal. This study adds to existing knowledge by showing the differences in the levels of diversification in four settlement types (urban formal, urban informal, traditional and rural) in three provinces in South Africa.
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