Estimation of heavy tails in optical non-linear processes

Abstract

In optical non-linear processes, rogue waves can be observed, which can be mathematically described by heavy-tailed distributions. These distributions are special since the probability of registering extremely high intensities is significantly higher than for the exponential distribution, which is most commonly observed in statistical and quantum optics. Our work provides a practical overview of the generic statistics toolkit concerning heavy-tailed distributions and proposes methods to deal with issues specific to non-linear optics. We take a closer look at supercontinuum generation, where rogue waves were already observed. We propose modifications to the Hill estimator to deal with detector saturation as well as corrections introduced by pumping the process by bright squeezed vacuum. The suggested methodology facilitates statistically reliable observation of heavy-tailed distribution in non-linear optics, nano-optics, atomic, solid-state processes, and optomechanics.