Estimation of Heavy Metal in Vegetables From Different Market Sites of Tribal Based Ranchi City Through ICP-OES and to Assess Health Risk

Ratna Ghosh,Manik Ghosh,Reshma Xalxo

doi:10.12944/cwe.8.3.13

Abstract

Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to estimate and evaluate the levels of heavy metals in vegetables collected from various sites of Ranchi city (tribal dominated population) followed by health risk assessment by determining Metal Pollution Index (MPI), Daily intake of metal (DIM) and Health Risk Index (HRI). The concentration levels of Pb, Cd and Ni in vegetables were found to contain beyond than the permissible PFA limit. All sites showed quite a few higher concentrations of Lead (Pb), than the permissible PFA limit. Among thirteen vegetables, Beet, Cucumber, Pea, Beans, Lady's finger, Corriender leaves and Tomato showed high levels of Pb in vegetables collected from all sites. Health Risk Index was also found > 1 for Cd, Co and Pb. Health Risk Index for Cadmium was 1.64 and 2.38 in Cucumber from Site-6 and Site-8 respectively. In Spinach it was 2.19 and 2.15 respectively for Site-6 and Site-8. Health Risk Index for Pb was > 1 in Cucumber (All sites; 3.54 in Site-8), Pea (All sites except Site10; 2.45 in Site-7), Beans (All sites; 1.38 in Site-9), Lady's finger (All sites; 2.03 in Site-7), and Tomato (All sites except Site-10; 2.79 in Site-8). Lead and cadmium were among the most abundant heavy metals in the selected vegetables. The excessive content of these heavy metals in food may causes number of diseases. HRI more than 1 is considered to be not safe for human health. In present study, HRI indicates considerable risk and negative impact on human health.

Highlights

Heavy metals are important environmental pollutants, in areas with high anthropogenic pressure
Concentration levels of heavy metals In present study, the concentration range of various heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni) and Lead (Pb) in different vegetables collected from road side market and organized market were estimated
The highest concentrations of Pb were noticed in Peas collected from Site-5 followed by Site-7 and Site-8

Summary

Introduction

Heavy metals are important environmental pollutants, in areas with high anthropogenic pressure. Their presence in the plants, atmosphere, soil and water, even in traces, can cause serious problems to all organisms. The transfers of metals from bio solids to soil and subsequently to plants pose potential health risks because they can enter the food chain and the environment (Ghaedi et al, 2008). Plant uptake is one of the major pathways by which sludge-borne heavy metals enter the food chain (Chaney, 1990). Inputs of heavy metals to agricultural soils generate negative impact on soil fertility and accumulate in the human food chain (McLaughlin et al, 1999). Food contamination by heavy metals depends both on their mobility in the soil and their bioavailability.

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Results

Conclusion