Abstract
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a serious factor restricting crop productivity in acid soil, and Al is the major cause of phytotoxicity. However, the role of Al toxicity in interprimer binding site (iPBS) polymorphism, genomic instability, and DNA methylation has not been fully investigated. In the current study, the effects of different Al concentrations on iPBS polymorphism, genomic instability, and DNA methylation were investigated in seedlings of three wheat cultivars: Haymana 79, Kilciksiz, and Bezostaja 1. A higher aluminum concentration increased the polymorphism rate of the iPBS profile, but decreased genomic template stability in all cultivars . A higher Al concentration was found to cause DNA methylation. Furthermore, the coupled restriction enzyme digestion-iPBS technique was used to detect DNA cytosine methylation level, which could help in understanding the epigenetic mechanism. The occurrence of hypermethylation and hypomethylation was observed with respect to Al stress treatment, and Al was found to cause DNA methylation. Polymorphism in the CRED-iPBS profile and DNA methylation can be correlated to evaluate epigenetic changes under stress.
Highlights
Aluminum (Al) toxicity affects 15% of soils on earth (Bot et al, 2000) and is a primary stress factor in acidic arable land (Kochian, 1995)
The results revealed that the 15 selected interprimer binding site (iPBS) primers produced a total of 206, 195, and 180 bands in Haymana, Kılçıksız, and Bezostaja 1 wheat cultivars, respectively, with each primer generating 5–10, 2–14, and 3–14 bands with an average of 7.26, 7.20, and 6.80 bands per primer, respectively (Table 2)
The changes that occurred after treatment with 4 different concentrations of Al can be summarized as the appearance of 40, 48, and 36 new bands and disappearance of 51, 42, and 39 existing bands compared to the control samples in Haymana, Kılçıksız, and Bezostaja 1 cultivars, respectively
Summary
Aluminum (Al) toxicity affects 15% of soils on earth (Bot et al, 2000) and is a primary stress factor in acidic arable land (Kochian, 1995). More than 20 genes induced by Al stress have been isolated from a series of plant species, including wheat (Anioł, 1995; Delhaize et al, 1999), rice (Nguyen et al, 2001), soybean (Bianchi-Hall et al, 2000), and tobacco (Ezaki et al, 1997). Many of these genes appear to be common stress-associated genes induced by
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