Abstract
Coffee has emerged as an economic alternative culture in the State of Acre, Brazil, but without a clonal variety recommended for the state to overcome the unevenness presented by seed crops. Thus, in order to estimate genetic parameters and indicate progenies of Coffea canephora to compose a clonal variety for the State of Acre, yield, vegetative vigor and plant height were evaluated in five harvests of a randomized complete block experiment with 46 progenies, 4 repetitions and 10 plants per plot by mixed model methodology (REML/BLUP). The harvests were evaluated individually, by the model that considers one harvest, one location and the mean of progenies, and joint analysis (all harvests), by repeatability model with stability and temporal adaptability by the harmonic mean of relative performance of genotypic values method (MHPRVG), with genotypic values of progenies grouped by the Tocher method. There was variability, with possibility of selection, only for grain yield. The yield was strongly affected by production bienniality, with high environmental influence and harvests mean ranging from 14.13±4.60 to 46.20±14.94 bags ha-1 and individual heritabilities from 0.10 to 0.44. Sixteen ‘Conilon’ coffee progenies with selection gains above 23% were selected. The MHPRVG method allows the refinement of progeny selection throughout the harvests, identifying the most adapted and stable. Key words: ‘Conilon’ or ‘Kouilou’ coffee; Breeding; Mixed models.
Highlights
Coffee crop of the Brazilian Western Amazon, especially in the State of Acre, has emerged as an economic alternative of agricultural cultivation
The development characteristics support the coffee breeding process, since the greater plant vigor is related to the adaptability and stability of production (Ferreira et al, 2013; Pedro et al, 2011) and lower plant heights are related to harvest easiness and phytosanitary procedures (Carvalho; Mônaco; Fazuoli, 1979; Rocha et al, 2015)
The harmonic mean of relative performance of genotypic values method MHPRVG makes it possible to refine the selection of progenies throughout the seasons, identifying the most adapted and stable ones
Summary
Coffee crop of the Brazilian Western Amazon, especially in the State of Acre, has emerged as an economic alternative of agricultural cultivation. There has been a progressive increase in coffee established area, which currently occupies about 1,650 ha distributed in 15 of 22 Acre municipalities. This area corresponds to 12% of total agricultural occupation of the State, located mainly in small properties, generating USD$2.7 million annually, which corresponded to 11.5% of the total value of the state’s agricultural production in 2017 (IBGE, 2019). Even with the increase in planted area and good yield mean in relation to the Northern Brazilian States, 26 bags of clean coffee per ha (IBGE, 2019), roasters from the State of Acre still import coffee for domestic consumption. Data from Acre State Treasury Department, for the year 2015, reveal an import of approximately 5,500 clean coffee bags of 60 kg of ‘Conilon’ variety
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