Estimation of fluid indicator and dry fracture compliances using azimuthal seismic reflection data in a gas-saturated fractured reservoir

Abstract

Amplitude variation with offset and azimuth (AVOA) inversion is a powerful tool used to predict the fluid and fracture information by utilizing the observable seismic reflection amplitudes. Understanding the effect of in situ fluid and fracture characteristics on seismic response is significant in a fractured reservoir. Our goal is to demonstrate an AVOA inversion approach to utilize the observable azimuthal seismic reflection data to predict the fluid and fracture properties in a gas-saturated fractured reservoir. Starting from Gassmann’s anisotropic poroelasticity theory and the linear-slip model, we first derive a linearized PP-wave reflection coefficient in terms of fluid, rigidity, density, and dry fracture compliance parameters based on the scattering function and perturbations in dry stiffness matrix of a horizontal transversely isotropic (HTI) rock containing a system of aligned vertical fractures. The derived equation builds a linearized relationship between the characteristics of fluid and fracture and the seismic response of azimuthal seismic reflection amplitudes. Incorporating the convolution model and Bayesian inversion, we propose a feasible Bayesian AVOA inversion method to estimate the fluid and fracture parameters directly. Cauchy and Gaussian probability distribution are used for the a priori information of model parameters and the likelihood function, respectively, and the nonlinear iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) strategy is finally utilized to solve the maximum a posteriori solutions of model parameters. The synthetic examples containing a moderate noise demonstrate the feasibility of inversion method, and the real data illustrates the inversion stabilities of fluid and fracture parameters in a gas-saturated fractured reservoir.