Abstract
Energy release rate for a 3-dimensional crack was examined by a virtual crack closure integral method in a FEM analysis where virtual extension for a part of crack tip element was used instead of a full element in usual procedure. Limiting case of zero crack extension was found to give a fairly well approximation of exact energy release rate and, hence, to relax the restriction of finite element arrangement around a crack front line because only nodal forces on a crack front line are needed. New method using zero virtual crack extension was proposed and applied to an embedded elliptical crack, semi-elliptical surface crack and one-quarter elliptical corner crack under tensile load. Estimated Mode I stress intensity factors were found to approximate Raju & Newman's results within several percent discrepancy for wide range of ratios of major to miner axes of ellipse.
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