Abstract
At present, climate change is a direct threat to biodiversity and its effects are evidenced by an increasingly accelerated loss of biodiversity. This study identified the main threats presently facing the Tapirus pinchaque species in Ecuador, generated predictive models regarding its distribution, and analyzed the protected areas as a conservation tool. The methodology was based on a literature review and the application of binary predictive models to achieve these objectives. The main results indicate that the T. pinchaque is seriously threatened, mainly by changes in land use. In addition, three models were selected that show current and future suitable areas for the conservation of the species. Its current distribution amounts to 67,805 km2, 33% (22,872 km2) of which is located in 31 of the 61 protected areas. Finally, it is important to take timely actions focused on biodiversity conservation, considering the importance of balance in ecosystems to the humans dependent thereof, and the results regarding the changes in the current and future distribution areas of the mountain tapir are a great contribution to be used as a management tool for its conservation.
Highlights
IntroductionBiodiversity is a multidimensional, interdependent, and complex network, which as a whole and in a functional way provides ecosystem goods to humans [1,2]
Occurrence records of T. pinchaque obtained through field work and monitoring projects in Colombia, Peru and Ecuador were included; a total of 1424 presence records were initially included in the database, including records from 1950 to the present (Supplementary Materials)
The best candidate model used in the creation of the final models had an AUC ratio: 1.246, showing that it is a model with excellent predictive power, with an omission rate (OR) = 0.045, Akaike information criterion-corrected (AICc) = 8443.803, and ∆AICc = 0, in addition to the following configurations and parameterizations: regularization multiplier (RM) = 0.7 and feature classes (FC) = qp (Table 1)
Summary
Biodiversity is a multidimensional, interdependent, and complex network, which as a whole and in a functional way provides ecosystem goods to humans [1,2]. All these types of life generate a balance between the different ecosystems, allowing a correct functionality, contributing to the generation of services that are used by human beings [3,4]. The loss of biodiversity is one of the great challenges facing the planet. Biodiversity is important because of its natural value as part of life support systems, and because it has a very large economic potential which has not yet
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