Estimation of Crown Length, Root Length and Golden Divine Ratio in Extracted Permanent Maxillary and Mandibular Central Incisors: An In-vitro Study

Abstract

Introduction: Human teeth serve many crucial functions, and aesthetics is one of these. Aesthetics and beauty are often correlated with the Golden Divine Ratio (GDR), a unique proportion hypothesised to exist in individuals or things with a harmonious appearance. Aim: To estimate the crown length, root length, and GDR in extracted human permanent maxillary and mandibular Central Incisors (CI) in the population of Tamil ethnicity from South India. Materials and Methods: This in-vitro cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology at Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from January 2023 to October 2023. The study included a total of 90 extracted human teeth from the Institutional tooth repository, out of which 27 were upper permanent CIs and the remaining 63 were mandibular CIs. Crown length and root length were measured using digital vernier calipers, and golden ratios were derived. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26.0. was used for descriptive analysis and deriving means and standard deviation. Results: The average crown length, root length, and total length of upper CIs were 8.06±0.09 mm, 13.01±1.47 mm, and 21.06±2.36 mm, respectively. For the remaining 63 extracted permanent mandibular CIs, the mean crown length, root length, and total length were 7.85±0.66 mm, 12.6±0.97 mm, and 20.45±1.49 mm, respectively. The Root-to-Crown (R/C) ratio and Total Length to Root Length (T/R) ratio approximated 1.618 for both sets of teeth. Conclusion: The crown length of maxillary and mandibular CIs from the Tamil population followed the golden ratio in the present study.