Estimation of corn hybrids of different early maturity by fodder productivity in the conditions of the forest-meadow zone of the Middle Urals

Abstract

The paper presents the results of assessing the feed productivity of various ultra-early and early-maturing corn hybrids created by the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn. In the Sverdlovsk region, 12 corn hybrids with FAO 140–180 were studied in 2019–2023. The soil of the research site is dark gray, forest, slightly podzolized, heavy loamy. On average, over 5 years, the highest dry matter content is 32.4… 36.1 % were recorded in the FAO 140–150 group, among which hybrids K 140 (35.0 %) and Mashuk 140 (36.1 %) stand out. In the FAO 140 group (K 140, Nur), the starch content in dry matter reached a maximum of 31.1… 30.4 per cent, while for FAO 180 (Sheehan) it was only 24.7 per cent. The maximum productivity on average over the years of research was observed in hybrids FAO 170–180 Mashuk 172 and Shihan (34.8 t/ha). The minimum for hybrids FAO 140 K 140 (26.3 t/ha) and Mashuk 140 (26.5 t/ha). Against the background of heat deficit (2019), the maximum productivity was in the FAO 140–150 groups: K 140 (3.88 t/ha), Nur (4.03 t/ha), Mashuk 140 (3.99 t/ha), K 150 (4.11 t/ha). In terms of the collection of the target component – starch, the highest productivity on average for 5 years was shown by hybrids of the FAO 140–150 group: Nur (2.93 t/ha), K 150 (2.81 t/ha) and Mashuk 140 (2.68 t/ha). It has been established that that in the conditions of the Middle Urals, from the set of hybrids bred by the All-Russian Research Institute of Corn, the highest fodder productivity is – K 140, Nur, Mashuk 140, K 150.