Estimation of contrast-to-noise ratio in CT and CBCT images with varying scan settings in presence of different implant materials.

Abstract

To assess the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of four different types of dental implant materials in CT and cone beam CT (CBCT) images with varying scan settings. Four different types of implants: zirconium (Zr), titanium (Ti) Grade 4 and 5 and titanium-zirconium (Ti-ZrO2) alloy were placed in a 3% gelatin phantom in a cylindrical plastic container and scanned with two different CT machines (GE Medical systems and Toshiba Medical Systems) and one CBCT machine (I-CAT, Imaging Sciences International) with different voxel sizes of 0.2, 0.25, 0.3 and 0.4 mm. Images were analyzed using ImageJ software with the purpose of estimating the CNR. The CNR obtained from images acquired with CT was lower than the CBCT with all voxel sizes tested. 0.3 and 0.4 mm voxel sizes exhibited the highest CNR (p < 0.05) that gives the best image quality. Among the implant materials tested, titanium Grade 5 has the highest levels of CNR while Zirconium has the lowest (p < 0.05). The optimum protocol for radiographic follow-up in areas near implants on the I-CAT is low-resolution settings (0.3 and 0.4 mm voxel sizes) which gave the highest CNR thus image quality. In presence of Zr implants, an alternative imaging modality (i.e., MRI) may be considered to avoid low-quality images.