Abstract

The use of remote sensing for urban monitoring is a very reliable and cost-effective method for studying urban expansion in horizontal and vertical dimensions. The advantage of multi-temporal spatial data and high data accuracy is useful in mapping urban vertical aspects like the compactness of urban areas, population expansion, and urban surface geometry. This study makes use of the ‘Ice, cloud, and land elevation satellite-2′ (ICESat-2) ATL 03 photon data for building height estimation using a sample of 30 buildings in three experimental sites. A comparison of computed heights with the heights of the respective buildings from google image and google earth pro was done to assess the accuracy and the result of 2.04 m RMSE was obtained. Another popularly used method by planners and policymakers to map the vertical dimension of urban terrain is the Digital Elevation Model (DEM). An assessment of the openly available DEM products—TanDEM-X and Cartosat-1 has been done over Urban and Rural areas. TanDEM-X is a German earth observation satellite that uses InSAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry) technique to acquire DEM while Cartosat-1 is an optical stereo acquisition satellite launched by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) that uses photogrammetric techniques for DEM acquisition. Both the DEMs have been compared with ICESat-2 (ATL-08) Elevation data as the reference and the accuracy has been evaluated using Mean error (ME), Mean absolute error (MAE) and Root mean square error (RMSE). In the case of Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation (GHMC), RMSE values 5.29 m and 7.48 m were noted for TanDEM-X 90 and CartoDEM V3 R1 respectively. While the second site of Bellampalli Mandal rural area observed 5.15 and 5.48 RMSE values for the same respectively. Therefore, it was concluded that TanDEM-X has better accuracy as compared to the CartoDEM V3 R1.

Highlights

  • Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is used globally by policymakers for resource management, planning, and maintenance

  • Neuenschwander et al [37] in their research carried out a quantitative evaluation of the terrain heights of the ICESat-2 ATL-08 products compared with airborne lidar data where the results have shown a Mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.5 m, while Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 0.82 m

  • The following graphs 5c and 6c show the photons reflected from the building surface which are at a higher elevation and show the photons reflected from the building surface which are at a higher elevation and bare ground which are at a lower elevation, so the difference between them was computed bare ground which are at a lower elevation, so the difference between them was computed and the height estimation is done using Equation (1)

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Summary

Introduction

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is used globally by policymakers for resource management, planning, and maintenance. (PAN-Fore or the frontward-looking camera and PAN-Aft or the afterword-looking camera) capable of providing imagery of 2.5 m spatial resolution Validation of these openly available DEMs is going on and various researchers had done accuracy assessments over different terrains, comparing different types of DEMs values against the highly precise ground points globally (e.g., GPS, NASA ICESat/GLAS) [1,2,3,4,5] or reference DEMs [6,7]. The present study was to estimate the building heights using ICESat-2 ATL 03 data It further examines the quality of Cartosat-1 and Tandem-X DEMs over Urban and Rural areas. The Urban area selected consists of highly dense built-up and the Rural area selected for experimentation has mostly flat terrain with sparse built-up

Study Area
Greater
Bellampalli
Digital Elevation Model
A Digital
CARTOSAT-1
TanDEM-X DEM
ICESat-2
15 September 2018
Methodology
Building Height Estimation
Findings
DEM Accuracy Assessment
Conclusions
Full Text
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