Abstract
While the energy management system (EMS) has been operated with output power measurements from all generation units (GUs) in transmission system, most renewable energy sources (RESs) in distribution system have been installed behind-the-meter (BTM). As the result, the power outputs from RESs are invisible to utilities, and they are separated from the available net load in the EMS based on the assumption that all data are accessible to utilities. Thereafter, this BTM power loss of renewables might not only prevent taking the proper control actions in time, but also cause a serious stability problem in a power system, particularly when a large amount of power from RESs in distribution systems is suddenly curtailed. <p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">This letter proposes several methods to estimate the amount of BTM power loss of renewables with the available EMS data. Then, the effectiveness of proposed estimation methods is verified by case study on a practical system with the real EMS data.
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