Abstract

Abstract Theoretical distributions of tritium concentration are calculated for an aquifer, along all of which recharge from recent rain water containing tritium augments the horizontal flow of groundwater, which has a smaller tritium concentration. Various necessary assumptions are discussed; in particular, it is assumed that sampling successfully draws water equally from all aquifer depths and that the effects of finite hydraulic conductivity and hydrodynamic dispersion can be neglected. Certain complications, including the effect of irrigation with groundwater, are considered. Where possible, the calculations are illustrated by reference to an aquifer for which field values have been published. The inverse problem of estimating groundwater flow and recharge from field data is considered. Numerical values and the nominal joint confidence regions are determined. The sensitivity of these estimates to some of the specific assumptions about recharge and initial conditions is tested by using synthetic data that were calculated according to modified assumptions.

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