Abstract
Voltage dependent loads can collectively provide a certain amount of power reserve (by virtue of the ability to change their power consumption within the stipulated voltage tolerance) which could be exploited for grid frequency regulation through voltage control at the substation/feeder or at the point of load. The amount of such power reserve would vary with time of the day depending on the incidence of different types of voltage dependent loads and also the voltage profile across the feeders. It is important for the grid operators to know the aggregate power reserve from the voltage dependent loads during different times of the day in order to schedule other forms of reserves accordingly. This paper presents a methodology to estimate such power reserve from the measured power and voltage at the bulk supply points without knowing the actual distribution network topology and/or load profile of individual customers. The proposed method is applied to estimate the time variation of the aggregate reserve offered by the voltage dependent loads within the domestic sector in Great Britain. Studies on a standard IEEE distribution network are presented to validate the estimated reserve margins under typical voltage profiles across the distribution feeders.
Highlights
R EDUCING the voltage level of the electrical distribution system for peak demand reduction and energy savings is a common practice adopted by many utilities across the world
We have presented a methodology for the grid operators to estimate the aggregate reserve available with point-of-load (PoL) voltage control
This is based on load disaggregation at the bulk supply points (BSPs) and use of a probabilistic approach to capture the variability in various factors affecting the reserve
Summary
R EDUCING the voltage level of the electrical distribution system for peak demand reduction and energy savings is a common practice adopted by many utilities across the world. It is straightforward to estimate the reserve if the load profile for different voltage dependent load categories are known This could be done through intrusive load monitoring where the customers are required to maintain record of the appliance operation [6] or energy and billing data [7] or through the use of smart meters [8]. The limitations of the proposed method are: (1) the accuracy of the estimated reserve amount is a trade off between the number of voltage dependent load categories considered and the error introduced by complicating the estimation algorithm, (2) the variability in voltage profile across the feeders It provides the grid operators an estimate of the reserve available at a given point in time with some confidence level so that they can schedule other forms of reserves
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