Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common multifactorial inflammatory disease of older men, defined by increased growth of prostate epithelial and stromal cells. Elevation serum levels of Interleukin-8 (IL-8), oxidative stress and inflammatory markers represent predictive surrogate markers of the disease progression in smoker BPH patients. A total of 86 BPH patients and 54 control subjects were admitted to the urology unit, Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil City, Iraq between January and June 2020. Sera levels of prostate-specific antigen(PSA), IL-8, malondialdehyde (MDA), high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), testosterone and some biomarkers concentrations were measured in the patients according to instructions of manufacturers. Patients and controls were categorized into groups according to smoking status (smokers and non-smokers). The sera levels of PSA, IL-8 and inflammatory markers like oxidative stress(MDA), hs-CRP and testosterone in every smoker subgroup (BPH patients and control) increased compared to the same non-smoker subgroups and significantly increased compared with non-smoker control (p<0.05). PSA demonstrated a significant positive correlation with the following terms, IL-8, MDA, hs-CRP, testosterone and low-density lipid (LDL)(p<0.05) and, insignificant negative correlation with high-density lipoprotein(HDL), (p>0.05). The current study demonstrated mounting evidence to support the role of smoking in the pathophysiology of BPH through elevation levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in sera of BPH patients.
Highlights
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a term used for describing benign histological patterns according to the American Urological Association (AUA) and the European Association of Urology (EAU) [1]
The kidney function test revealed a significant increase in uric acid level in BPH patients compared to control (p0.05)
Hormonal status revealed the significant increase in testosterone levels in BPH patients compared to control (p0.05)
Summary
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a term used for describing benign histological patterns according to the American Urological Association (AUA) and the European Association of Urology (EAU) [1] It is a progressive disease of aging males that affecting their life quality, and lower urinary symptoms represent one of their complications [2,3]. Cigarette smoking can lead to OS for both direct smoker and indirect smoker because it has hundreds of potentially toxic components with multiple actions in the human body [17]. Both phases of cigarette smoke, particulate and gaseous, contain extremely high concentrations of free radicals 18). The present study aims to investigate serum levels of PSA, IL-8, MDA, and other inflammatory
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