Estimation for the accumulated errors in determining the road grade to improve the accuracy of a geodetic survey

Abstract

During designing a railway track, the accumulated errors in the transmission of coordinates affect the construction cost, change the conditions for designing tracks and the value of operating costs. If the grade of the track comes closer to the limiting grade, more accuracy is required to draw up the survey plan and terrain profile, and the more often geodetic control points are necessary. It is indicated that the calculation for the entire track is wrong based on errors in length due to errors in marks. The article provides a mathematical rationale for computation the error of the route survey grade as a function of the section length of the lines that have a steep slope. The influence of errors in determining the elevation and length on the line grade is considered. It is shown that the steeper the limiting grade the shorter should be the traverse of geodetic control.