Abstract
Abstract The 99th percentile of water demand during the peak period is often adopted to size the piping system in a building. Two new approaches for estimating peak water use are introduced. Both provide the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of water demand during the peak period. One approach uses full enumeration of all fixture options; the second employs Monte Carlo techniques. The Monte Carlo method generates a large ensemble of simulated design flows for a wide variety of fixture combinations. Results are displayed as a single curve on a universal dimensionless design chart applicable for any number and type of fixtures. An example demonstrates application of the new design chart.
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