Abstract
ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to build a flood simulation model for the city of Hafr Al-Batin catchment area. The model consists of a hydrologic model, a hydraulic model and pre- and post-processing tools. A geographic information system-based modelling interface was used to pre-process the terrain and rainfall data and generate input files for hydrologic and hydraulic models. Soil map data, land cover map, land use map and digital elevation model was used to delineate the physical watershed's characteristics. The runoff estimation was based on the widely known Soil Conservation Service curve number approach. The hydrologic/hydraulic model simulations simulated the runoff hydrograph corresponding to different design storms and helped to delineate the resulting flood inundation maps. The results indicate good agreement between the delineated inundation map and the hazard map developed by the municipality. They also show that the location of the city complicates the runoff response for small storms creating two distinct peaks. The results of this study can be utilized for planning purposes and in the design of flood control structures as the study has estimated the runoff corresponding to different design storms and used hydraulics and geospatial data in delineating the flood zones.
Highlights
Floods can be defined as high water flow, which exceeds the capacity of natural or artificial banks of the stream
CFSR products were used in several hydrologic modelling studies, and the results demonstrated the high quality of the data and good agreement with ground observations (e.g. (Najafi et al 2012; Wei et al 2013; Dile & Srinivasan 2014)
Due to the discontinuity of rain gauge data and the large size of the catchment, reanalysis gridded rainfall was used in the development of frequency storms
Summary
Floods can be defined as high water flow, which exceeds the capacity of natural or artificial banks of the stream. Precipitation duration, snow melt, stream overflowing channels, inadequate drainage systems and the saturation of the soil are the main causes of floods. Flooding caused by storm events becomes a major concern in many parts of the world (Horritt & Bates 2002; K.S. Lee & S.I. Lee 2003; WMO 2003). According to the statistics of the International Disaster Database, floods have the greatest damage potential of all natural disasters worldwide and affect the greatest number of people (IDD 2015). Doocy et al (2013) estimated the deaths due to floods worldwide between 1980 and 2009 to be about 539,881
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