Estimating the recreational value of mountain tourism to shape sustainable development in Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

Abstract

Mountain tourism has been experiencing remarkable growth in Pakistan, and the economy of mountainous regions is increasingly reliant on the tourism sector. However, the vulnerability of mountain tourism to climate change and human activities poses severe threats to its long-term sustainability, and addressing these challenges necessitates meticulous planning and immediate policy attention to effectively mitigate potential risks and secure the future of mountain tourism. This study aims to aid in formulating policies that promote sustainable mountain tourism by estimating the recreational value associated with high mountain tourism in Hunza Valley. The total recreational value is considered an indicator of the economic viability of tourism in high mountain regions. Data were collected from 1046 tourists through on-site surveys conducted during 2021–2022, and the estimation model employed a truncated negative binomial regression technique. This study reveals that the annual recreational value per person for visiting the Hunza Valley amounts to USD 126.3, resulting in a total annual recreational value of USD 22.8 million of the region. These estimations provide valuable insights to policymakers, enabling them to understand the area's economic potential better and facilitate efficient resource allocation strategies within the mountainous landscape. Furthermore, these findings offer critical guidance for informed decision-making concerning natural resource management, ensuring the conservation and preservation of the region's unique landscapes and historical sites.