Abstract

The role of solitary alkali bees (Nomia melanderi) in the production of alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) seed in a central California water district is examined empirically. The yield and acreage of alfalfa seed increased rapidly in the district when alkali bees were adopted by a set of innovative farmers during the 1960s. By 1969, farmers in the district had installed more than 100 000 sq ft of artificial bee beds. The alkali bees were destroyed unexpectedly in the early 1970s, leading to a rapid decline in alfalfa seed acres and yields. An estimated production function describes the marginal productivity of the alkali bees and the impact of alkali bees on the marginal productivity of land (...)

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