Estimating the Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution on Inflammatory/Hemostatic Markers. Findings from the SWAN Study

Abstract

Estimating the Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution on Inflammatory/Hemostatic Markers. Findings from the SWAN StudyAbstract Number:2038 Rochelle Green*, Rachel Broadwin, Brian Malig, Rupa Basu, Ellen Gold, Lihong Qi, Joyce Bromberger, Gail Greendale, Howard Kravitz, Kristin Tomey, Karen Matthews, Carol Derby, Elizabeth Jackson, Robin Green, and Bart Ostro Rochelle Green* Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Rachel Broadwin Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Brian Malig Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Rupa Basu Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Ellen Gold Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Lihong Qi Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Joyce Bromberger Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Gail Greendale Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Howard Kravitz Rush University Medical Center, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Kristin Tomey School of Public Health, University of Michigan, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Karen Matthews Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Carol Derby Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Elizabeth Jackson Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Hospital and Health Systems, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , Robin Green Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author , and Bart Ostro Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, United States, E-mail Address: [email protected] Search for more papers by this author AbstractBackground: Several studies have reported associations between long-term air pollution exposures and cardiovascular mortality. The biological mechanisms connecting them remain uncertain.Objectives: Examine effects of fine particles (PM2.5) and ozone on serum markers of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in a cohort of midlife women.Methods: We obtained information from women enrolled at six sites in the multi-ethnic, longitudinal Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation, including repeated measurements of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), fibrinogen, tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen (tPA-ag), plasminogen activator inhibitor Type 1 (PAI-1), and Factor VIIc. We obtained residence-proximate PM2.5 and ozone monitoring data for a maximum five annual visits, calculating prior year, six-month, one-month, and one-day exposures and their relations to serum markers using longitudinal mixed models.Results: For the 2,086 women studied, after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, site, body mass index, smoking and recent alcohol use, PM2.5 exposures were significantly associated with all blood markers except Factor VIIc. Adjusted associations were of the highest magnitude for year-prior exposures for hs-CRP (20.88% increase per 10 µg/m3 PM2.5, 95% CI: 6.59, 37.10), tPA-ag (8.61%, 95% CI: 1.82, 15.86), and PAI-1 (34.64%, 95% CI: 18.70, 52.72). Findings did not change significantly after further adjustment for health and other lifestyle characteristics. A significant association was also observed between year prior ozone exposure and Factor V11C (5.67% increase per 10 ppb ozone, 95% CI: 2.90 , 8.53).Conclusions: Our findings suggest that prior year exposures to PM2.5 and ozone adversely affect inflammatory and hemostatic pathways for cardiovascular outcomes in midlife women.