Estimating the distance of genetic domestic goats in Iran inferred from D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA analysis and origins of candidate native goat ancestor

Abstract

The wild goat “bezoar”(Capra aegagrus) has been considered to be the strongest candidate for the ancestor of the domestic goats (C. hircus) . This article describes the complete sequences of the mitochondrial DNA displacement loop (D-loop) region from Mahabadi goats. The control region (D-loop) is the most variable and non-coding portion of the mitochondrial genome.The genetic diversity and phylogenetic structure was analyzed in Mahabadi goat population by mitochondrial DNA sequences. It is estimated genetic distance between native goat and goat ancestor based on mtDNA. Recent analysis of the most of domestic goat individuals revealed a total of six different monophyletic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups A, B, C, D, F, and G, with the A haplogroup representing >90% of individuals . Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using hyper variable region 1 (896 bp) obtained form 30 animals. All Mahabadi haplotypes were classified into A haplotype group and revealed remarkably high genetic distances within the population when compared with other goat populations from several places, indicating high genetic variation in the Mahabadi goat. After extracting DNA, displacement loop (D-loop) region of mtDNA was amplified with specific primers using PCR and after purification was sequenced. The phylogenic tree was drawn with the consensus sequence of other similar sequences of different goats breeds and wild goat “bezoar”(Capra aegagrus) obtained from GenBank. InThe phylogenic tree, Mahabadi native goat was clustered with Switzerland, Romania, Austria, Cyprus, Jordan, Spain, Saudi Arabia, Albania , Turkey, Egypt, Kurdi Iran, Malaysia, Kyrgyzstan, Italya and ancestor of native goat breeds. The findings confirmed that Mahabadi goats was closed to Capra aegagrus compared to other domestic goats.