Estimating the Burden of Cancers Attributable to Smoking Using Disability Adjusted Life Years in Indonesia.

Susi Ari Kristina,Dwi Endarti,Octy Pramestuty,Natalia Sendjaya

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.1577

Susi Ari Kristina, Dwi Endarti + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.1577

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Abstract

Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for many types of cancers. Recent data on selected cancer incidence and mortality related to smoking in the Indonesian population are provided in this study. Morbidity and mortality data were derived from GLOBOCAN 2012 and the population attributable fraction (PAF) was estimated using the standard methodology developed by the World Health Organization. Using these data, we calculated disability adjusted life year (DALY) values for smoking-related cancer. The DALY was estimated by summation of the years lived with disability (YLD) and years life lost due to premature death (YLL). The cancer cases related to smoking in Indonesia numbered 45,132, accounting for 35,580 cancer deaths. The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer can be considered as the highest priority in both men and women. Furthermore the greatest YLD due to smoking in Indonesian men and women were from pancreas and lung cancers. For YLL among men, the highest years lost were from lung and liver cancers. On the other hand, among women lung oral cavity and lip were most important. Based on the DALY indicator, burden priorities for Indonesian men were lung cancer (298,980), liver cancer (60,367), and nasopharynx (46,185), while among Indonesian women they were lung cancer (34,119), cervix uteri (9,213) and pancreas cancer (5,433). In total, Indonesian burden of cancers attributed to smoking was 638,682 DALY. This study provides evidence about the burden of cancers caused by smoking as a rational basis for initiating national tobacco control policies in Indonesia.

Highlights

Tobacco smoking is the single leading factor responsible for non-communicable diseases include the increased cancer cases and the cancer mortality (IARC Working group on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, 2004; World Health Organization, 2009)
The disability adjusted life year (DALY) was estimated by summation of the years lived with disability (YLD) and years life lost due to premature death (YLL)
The number of cancer deaths among male, the Computation of DALY for cancer To estimate years lived with disability (YLD), epidemiological parameters were estimated as follows

Summary

Introduction

Tobacco smoking is the single leading factor responsible for non-communicable diseases include the increased cancer cases and the cancer mortality (IARC Working group on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, 2004; World Health Organization, 2009). According to current research, smoking is the most important cause of disease burden which are known to cause malignant cancers, respiratory, and birth defects (Ezzati et al, 2005; U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). There are 121 million adult smokers in ASEAN countries (Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance (SEATCA), 2014). It was found that approximately onethird of male adults in ASEAN smoke with the highest prevelence found in Indonesian (Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance (SEATCA), 2014). It was recently estimated that there were over 700,000 new cases of cancer and 500,000 cancer deaths in ASEAN in the year 2008 (Kimman et al, 2012)

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