Abstract
Several socioeconomic, environmental, ethnic, family, and educational factors influence an individual’s academic performance and can determine their school performance in mathematics. Mathematical competence is one of the skills that allow students to build visions of the future from performance in the present. However, the perception that students have of mathematics, in addition to the teacher–student relationship, the classroom, gender, teaching–learning, and motivation are crucial factors for achieving an optimal academic performance and preventing school failure. The aim of the present study was: (1) to examine which variables of the dimensions “Learning Mathematics” and “School Environment” significantly contribute to the marks in the second quarter and quantify their relative importance; (2) to determine the optimal algorithm model for predicting the maximum gain in students’ marks in the second quarter and quantifying it; and (3) to analyze the maximum gain in terms of gender. A total of 2018 high school students in Melilla were included in this cross-sectional study. Mathematical learning and the school environment were assessed using a validated 14-item questionnaire. Gain lift was employed to quantify the improvement in students’ performance. The role of the classroom and teacher–student relationship had a greater influence on mathematics scores than affinity indicators, teaching, study time, teaching resources used, study aids, and motivation.
Highlights
The importance of mathematics transcends mere knowledge and is considered one of the key competencies for personal and professional development [1]
The results show that the items of the study correlated differently with the NST variable
There were insignificant positive correlations between academic performance and PME (Does your math teacher explain well in class?), LJM (From Monday to Thursday, how many hours do you dedicate to the study of mathematics?), ULT (Do you use the textbook to study mathematics?), UAE (Do you use the notebook or class notes to study math?), and ILS (Do you think your school is a place where you feel protected and safe?)
Summary
The importance of mathematics transcends mere knowledge and is considered one of the key competencies for personal and professional development [1]. 21st January, which describes the relationships between competences, contents, and criteria for the evaluation of primary, high school, and post-16 education. This policy sets guidelines for improving students’ academic performance. This is generally affected by socioeconomic, environmental, family, ethnic, and educational factors, among others [2]. The classroom climate, perceptions of learning mathematics, and personal motivation play an important role in students’ academic success [4,5,6]
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