Abstract
Imbalanced fertilization has caused lower yield and nutrient use efficiency for radish (Raphanus sativus L.) production in China. Estimating nutrient requirements for radish is crucial in optimizing fertilization to resolve the problem. On-farm experiments in the radish-growing regions of China from 2000 to 2017 were collected to investigate the relationship between fleshy root yield and nutrient accumulation in radish plant using the Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) model. The QUEFTS model predicted a linear increase in fleshy root yield if nutrients were taken up in balanced amounts until yield reached about 60%–70% of the potential yield. The balanced N, P, and K requirements in radish plant simulated by the QUEFTS model were 2.15, 0.45, and 2.58 kg to produce 1000 kg of fleshy root, and the corresponding internal efficiencies (IEs, kg fleshy root per kg nutrient in total plant dry matter) for N, P, and K were 465.1, 2222.2, and 387.1 kg kg−1. The simulated balanced N, P, and K removal by fleshy root to produce 1000 kg fleshy root were 1.34, 0.30, and 1.93 kg, respectively. Approximately 62%, 67%, and 75% of N, P, and K in radish plant were presented in the fleshy root and removed from the soil. Field validation experiments confirmed the consistency between the observed and simulated nutrient uptake values. The QUEFTS model was proven to be effective for estimating nutrient requirements of radish and will contribute to develop fertilizer recommendations for radish cultivated in China.
Highlights
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) belongs to the family Brassicaceae and is an important vegetable worldwide because of its considerable adaptability and abundance of vitamins, soluble sugar, and folic acid, etc
The objectives of the present investigation of radish nutrient requirements were as follows: (1) determine the envelope functions describing the relationships between fleshy root yield of radish and nutrient uptake across diverse growing environments in China; (2) estimate the balanced requirements of N, P, and K for radish using the QUEFTS model; and (3) evaluate the N, P, and K uptake of radish simulated by the QUEFTS model through field experiments
Because of the large variability in the internal efficiency (IE) among fields, we proposed that set I were used as a standard parameter set in the QUEFTS model to estimate the balanced nutrient uptake by radish and the relationship between fleshy root yield and nutrient accumulation
Summary
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) belongs to the family Brassicaceae and is an important vegetable worldwide because of its considerable adaptability and abundance of vitamins, soluble sugar, and folic acid, etc. The SSNM strategy involves the use of quantitative and generic methods (e.g., simulation models) for estimating the relationship between yield and nutrient uptake, which will be relevant for making fertilizer recommendations[14]. The QUEFTS model uses a large amount of nutrient uptake data, avoiding the problems related to using a few data for guiding fertilization It applies a function of line-parabolic-plateau to evaluate the relationship between crop yield and nutrient uptake and provides a generic method to estimate nutrient requirements for crops under a certain target yield, in view of the season-specific and climate-adjusted potential yield[16]. The objectives of the present investigation of radish nutrient requirements were as follows: (1) determine the envelope functions describing the relationships between fleshy root yield of radish and nutrient uptake across diverse growing environments in China; (2) estimate the balanced requirements of N, P, and K for radish using the QUEFTS model; and (3) evaluate the N, P, and K uptake of radish simulated by the QUEFTS model through field experiments
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