Abstract
The paper presents and discusses selected methods of wood classification and the evaluation of its mechanical properties. Attention was mainly paid to methods that may be particularly useful for examining existing elements and structures. The possibility of estimating the modulus of rupture—MOR and modulus of elasticity—MOE based on the non- destructive (NDT), semi-destructive (SDT), and destructive tests (DT) were considered. Known international, European, and American standards and research approaches were indicated. The selected testing methods and their interpretation were presented. These were, among others, the method of visual assessment, the resistance drilling method, methods of determining the dynamic modulus of elasticity, and procedures for testing small clear specimens. Moreover, some of our own research results from the conducted experimental tests were presented and discussed. In the destructive tests, both large elements and small clear specimens were examined. The results obtained from individual methods were compared and some conclusions were presented. The summary discusses the fundamental difficulties and limitations in applying the presented procedures and interpretations.
Highlights
Wood is one of the oldest building materials in the world
The MOE values determined in the destructive test and calculated on the basis of the standard PN-EN 408 [29] (Table 6) do not take into account the shear deformation
Based on the determined values of MOR and E0, it can be concluded that the beams A01, A02, A03 met the criteria of the classes C30, C24, C30 respectively [46]
Summary
Wood is one of the oldest building materials in the world. Its widespread availability and good mechanical parameters have contributed to its wide application in civil engineering. In structural elements made of construction timber, the strength of the material is limited by many additional factors, such as knots (size and position), slope of grain, cracks, element size, and moisture content [3,4,5]. The precise determination of mechanical material parameters, especially in existing constructions, is a significant issue from the point of view of structural analysis. It is not always easy and leaves a wide freedom of interpretation. In the case of existing structures in use, it is usually not possible to obtain much material for testing. Opposite to concrete and steel structures, where the methods of material testing are well recognized, in timber structures this problem is not clearly explained
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