Abstract
Oil and gas (O&G) production activities emits greenhouse gases (GHG) which must be well estimated to improve accountability and formulating efficient mitigation. The Indonesia’s GHG emission reported thru Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) was estimated by Tier-1 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method, while the O&G company adopts different methodology. This leads to asynchronous GHG emission contribution of this industry to national GHG emission. This paper aims to estimate the GHG inventory from O&G offshore production facility by using American Petroleum Institute (API) Compendium Methodology and compare it with Tier-1 IPCC Methodology. It found that GHG emission estimated by API method is significantly lower than IPCC method. Both methods shown fuel combustion sources are the dominant. GHG emission sources from fuel combustion and flaring have been well identified, but emission sources from venting and fugitive need to be improved. Moreover this study identified that to have more accurate national GHG inventory, the GHG calculation method might be different for each industry segment. This evaluation could improve the future national GHG inventory and as reference for the industry. National emission factors database for O&G industry segment is highly suggested to be developed.
Highlights
Global warming is one of major environmental concern since it has impact on human health, ecosystems, hydrological cycle, natural resources, and the ability of organisms to live and spread [1, 2]
Energy sector is the second largest contributor of CH4 emission which contributes 37% of the total CH4 emission, while the Oil and gas (O&G) industry is the largest producer of CH4 emissions in the energy sector [7].Methane, the main component of natural gas, is a more potent greenhouse gases (GHG) gas than CO2 as methane produces 25 times of trapped heat in the atmosphere when compared to CO2 [8]
Member companies of the American Petroleum Institute (API) publish the Compendium of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methodologies for the Oil and Gas Industry [24] or known as API Compendium Methodology which was adopted by O&G company to estimate their GHG emission
Summary
Global warming is one of major environmental concern since it has impact on human health, ecosystems, hydrological cycle, natural resources, and the ability of organisms to live and spread [1, 2]. The increasing of greenhouse gases (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere is the causes of this phenomena with the most contributor gases are methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) [4], that is 60% and 15-18% respectively [5, 6]. Energy sector is the second largest contributor of CH4 emission which contributes 37% of the total CH4 emission, while the O&G industry is the largest producer of CH4 emissions in the energy sector [7].Methane, the main component of natural gas, is a more potent GHG gas than CO2 as methane produces 25 times of trapped heat in the atmosphere when compared to CO2 [8]. GHG emissions from O&G systems are projected to increase by 26% during 2010-2030 [9].
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