Abstract
Abstract Background: Peanut is an important oil and legume food crop for human and feed for livestock. Peanut yield association characters like pod and seed traits are the most widely targeted parameter. Peanut yield is a function of growth rate, duration of reproductive growth, and the fraction of crop growth rate which are partitioned toward pod yield. For effective selection, heritability along with genetic advance is more useful than the estimation of only heritability. Methods: The present study field design was laid out using single row and single plot techniques. Pod length, pod width, pod length by width, seed length, seed width, seed length by width yield contributing data were collected both from two parents and 251 RIL populations across two locations in two consecutive cropping seasons (2015/2016 & 2016/2017). Data analysis was computed through SAS ver.9.4 and PBTools ver.1.4. Results: The highest genotypic coefficient of variation was found in pod length (22.47), number of pods per plant (23.66), pod yield per plant (28.43), multiple seedpods per plant (30.44). The highest narrow sense heritability was found in seed length (66%), pod length by width (87%), and pod thickness (93%), meanwhile, the highest broad sense heritability values have been recorded in seed length (99%), seed length by width (99%), number of pods per plant (95%), shelling percentage (94%), pod thickness (93%), thickness of pod shells (92), seed yield per plant (89%), seed thickness (87%), seed width (83%), multiple seedpods per plant (79%), and pod weight per plant (75%). The highest genetic advance as percent of mean values occurred in multiple seedpods per plant (215.44), number of pods per plant (85.28), pod yield per plant (64.90), seed yield per plant (63.49), thickness of pod shells (56.87), pod length by width (36.55), seed length by width (30.98), and seed length (23.26). Conclusions: Additive gene effects were observed in the traits of seed length, seed length by width, pod length, pod width, pod length by width, pod thickness, thickness of pod shells, and multiple seedpods per plant. The highest broad sense heritability values coupled with high genetic gain were estimated in multiple seedpods per plant, number of pods per plant, pod weight plant, seed weight per plant, thickness of pod shells, pod length by width, seed length by width. Therefore, in the present study, use more pod and seed-related traits than the previous findings.
Highlights
Peanut is an important oil and legume food crop for human and feed for livestock
The two basic requirements of plant breeding are the presence of genetic variation and exploitation of the existed variation through the method of selection
Selection involves in the identification and isolation of desirable plants from a vast and variable population
Summary
The present experiment was carried out using 251 RIL populations derived from the cross between silihong (female parent) and black peanut (male parent). Parents and offspring phenotypic and genotypic variances were estimated using the statistical formula developed by Singh, R.K. and Chaudhary, B.D (1979) and the expected mean squares under the assumption of random and fixed effect model was calculated from linear combinations of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations, which were computed as per the methods suggested by Burton and Devane (1953). GA= Genetic advance, and X = General mean of the characters/traits Genetic advance as percent of mean was categorized as low, moderate and high as given by (Johnson et al 1955). It described, as 0-10% low; 10-20% moderate and ≥ 20% high
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