Abstract
Shipping is of great significance in the integrated transport system, however, ship emissions cannot be neglected in assessing environmental impacts of air pollution and climate change. In order to quantitatively evaluate CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emission and mitigation opportunities of Wanzhou shipping in Chongqing municipality, China, we present the development of the CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emission inventory of Wanzhou shipping by using "top-down" method. The method contains two main parameters, which are fuel consumption and emission factor. In this paper, fuel consumption comes from statistical data provided by Harbor and Waterway Bureau in Wanzhou District, Chongqing municipality, and CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emission factor is set as 3179 g/kg according to relevant literatures. The results show that CO2 emission of Wanzhou shipping are 80104, 110950, 130785, 108280, 117877, and 117056 tons from 2003 to 2008, it is fluctuating with little change. At the same time, passenger and cargo turnover of Wanzhou shipping increase rapidly from 2003 to 2008, it implies the reduction of CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emission per unit turnover volume in recent years. Based on the development plan of Wanzhou shipping, we forecast the CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emission in 2011, 2015, 2020 under the two situations (baseline scenario and new policy scenario). There is an effective emission reduction under new policy scenario, compared with the baseline scenario, it can reduceCO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> emission 112193.5 tons only in 2020, the reduction rate is 16.4%. In the long term, the new policy scenario will bring huge benefits for emission reductions, it also illustrates that the use of technique, management and policy strategies to reduce carbon emissions is important for shipping.
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