Abstract
InSAR can only monitor relative ground deformations with respect to a reference area. In order to obtain actual deformations, GCPs or stable area is required in the study area, which, however, may be unavailable in the investigating of geohazards associated with underground activities (i.e., groundwater pumping, underground mining, and oil/gas exploitation). We propose a novel approach to estimate actual 2D deformations based on the InSAR relative LOS measurements acquired from cross-heading datasets. The errors induced by the arbitrary selection of reference areas can thus be avoided. The performance of the proposed approach is validated by a series of simulations. By providing the ascending and descending measurements with errors of 2 and 1.5 mm/year STDs, respectively, the RMSEs are 2.1 and 2.6 mm/year for the estimated vertical and east deformations, respectively. A case study is carried out in Cangzhou, China, for estimating the actual 2D ground deformations associated with groundwater pumping. By integrating ALOS ascending and ENVISAT descending datasets acquired between 2007 and 2010, we found that the Cangzhou area experienced ground subsidence of up to 23.4 mm/year in the suburbs but ground uplift of up to 20.9 mm/year in the urban area, both of which are accompanied by considerable lateral deformations.
Highlights
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has been used as a routine tool in monitoring ground deformations associated with geohazards such as earthquake [1], volcano eruption [2], glacier movement [3], and landslide [4]
Estimation of actual deformation is of great importance for InSAR-derived deformation results that are inborn with relative values
We propose a novel approach that can obtain actual vertical and horizontal ground deformations associated with underground exploitations by integrating the ascending and descending InSAR-derived relative measurements
Summary
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) has been used as a routine tool in monitoring ground deformations associated with geohazards such as earthquake [1], volcano eruption [2], glacier movement [3], and landslide [4]. A novel approach is proposed for estimating actual two-dimensional (2D) ground deformations based on cross-heading InSAR relative deformation measurements This approach is designed to monitor long-term deformations associated with underground activities (e.g., groundwater pumping, underground mining, and oil/gas exploitation). With this algorithm, we can determine the actual deformation velocities in both vertical and east directions using only InSAR LOS measurements acquired from ascending and descending tracks, which means GCPs or the assumed stable area is not required. The proposed approach is first assessed by the simulated experiments and applied to map the actual 2D ground deformation velocities in Cangzhou, China, which are caused by groundwater pumping
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