Estimates of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Burden Attributable to Particulate Matter Pollution and Its 30-Year Change Patterns: A Systematic Analysis of Data From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

Ying Wu,Meng Wang,Weiyang Lou,Li Wang,Xinyue Deng,Si Yang,Rongguo Fu,Yi Zheng,Zhen Zhai,Jingjing Hu,Dong Xiang,Chen Lei,Yuyao Zhu,Zhijun Dai,Yujiao Deng,Jie Gao

doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.689079

Abstract

BackgroundEpidemiological trends of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution remain unclear. Here, we estimated spatiotemporal trends of type 2 diabetes mellitus burden attributable to PM2.5 pollution, including ambient particulate matter pollution (APMP) and household air pollution (HAP), from 1990–2019.MethodsData were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 and were analyzed by age, sex, year, and location. Joinpoint regression analysis was applied in the analysis of temporal trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus burden over the 30 years.ResultsGlobally, PM2.5 pollution contributed to 292.5 thousand deaths and 13 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) in 2019. APMP ranked third among all risk factors, causing an increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus burden from 1990, whereas the impact of HAP significantly fell during the same period. Both APMP and HAP contributed the most to deaths and DALYs of type 2 diabetes mellitus among older people. However, the age-standardized death and DALY rates of type 2 diabetes mellitus attributable to APMP were greater among males and people in the middle socio-demographic index countries, especially in Southern Sub-Saharan Africa. For HAP, type 2 diabetes mellitus burden was modestly higher in females and was highest in Oceania, which was the only region with an increase from 1990.ConclusionsPM2.5 pollution resulted in substantial and increasing type 2 diabetes mellitus burden worldwide. Hence, governments and health systems should take steps to reduce air pollution to mitigate this increasing burden.

Highlights

Diabetes was the fifth leading cause of global deaths in 2019, with a prevalence of 463 million that is projected to reach 548 million in 2045 [1, 2]
GBD 2019 identified different PM2.5 sources: outdoor PM2.5 pollution, called ambient particulate matter pollution (APMP), owing to exposure to PM2.5 in the outdoor air, and indoor PM2.5 pollution, called household air pollution (HAP) from solid fuels, which refers to exposure to PM2.5 owing to the use of solid cooking fuels
Following high fasting plasma glucose, high body mass index contributed to 42.6% of total deaths and 51.9% of total disabilityadjusted life-years (DALYs) of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes was the fifth leading cause of global deaths in 2019, with a prevalence of 463 million that is projected to reach 548 million in 2045 [1, 2]. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the most common type of diabetes, accounting for >90% of the total number of cases, and is the fifth leading cause of death for people aged 50–74 years [1]. This leads to a great number of consequent complications, lowering the quality of life and functional capacities of patients [3]. We estimated spatiotemporal trends of type 2 diabetes mellitus burden attributable to PM2.5 pollution, including ambient particulate matter pollution (APMP) and household air pollution (HAP), from 1990–2019

Methods

Results

Conclusion