Abstract
The present study investigates the genetic diversity among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex circulating in the Centre region of Cameroon and analyzes the relationship between genotypes and drug resistance patterns. Spoligotyping was performed by PCR-amplification followed by the reverse hybridization of 298 cultured specimens. Spoligotypes patterns were identified by comparison to reference strains in SPolDB4 database via the MIRU VNTR plus web application. About 97.65% of all tuberculosis (TB) cases were attributed to M. tuberculosis. A total of 65 different profiles were identified. Of these, 40 were represented as Shared Types (ST) while the others were orphans. LAM10_CAM and Haarlem families were the most prevalent genetic families with 51.01% and 14.09% respectively. ST 61, a member of the LAM10_ CAM family formed the largest cluster with 128 (42.95%) isolates. No association was found between genotypes with regard to drug resistance and HIV sero-status. However, there was a significant association between genotypes and age groups. Patients belonging to 15 - 24 and 35 - 44 age groups were more likely infected by LAM10_CAM strains compared to others. The population structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains from the Centre region was found to be diverse and the spoligotype 61 of the LAM10_CAM family was highly predominant. Isolates of the LAM10_CAM seem to be not associated with drug resistance.
Highlights
Tuberculosis (TB) is a cause of great mortality and suffering, especially in poor and less-developed countries
The present study investigates the genetic diversity among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex circulating in the Centre region of Cameroon and analyzes the relationship between genotypes and drug resistance patterns
It has been reported in some instances that, spoligotyping can distinguish among members of the M. tuberculosis complex based on the species-specific presence/absence of spacers [10]
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) is a cause of great mortality and suffering, especially in poor and less-developed countries. Its association with the HIV/AIDS pandemic forms a lethal combination. Multidrug resistant (MDR) TB and extensively drug resistant (XDR) TB severely complicate the management and control of the disease worldwide [1]. The discovery of totally drug resistant (TDR) TB, a deadly form of the disease highlighted a crisis of mismanagement of the disease [2]. Elimination of TB by 2050 is a long-term goal of the World Health Organization (WHO) and their strategy is heavily based on the improvements in the current diagnostics, treatment and vaccination, as well as on the development of new strategies to control and fight the epidemic [3]. Any strategy for combating the epidemic should be based on a thorough appreciation of the pro-
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