Abstract
We estimated the biological variation (CV biol) of 28 fatty acids (FA) in 465 mature human milk samples from The Netherlands, Caribbean, Jerusalem, Tanzania and Pakistan, by using data from the observed variation (CV obs) and analytical variation (CV anal). CV biol of the various regions was remarkably similar. The average CV biol of 455 samples, Pakistan excluded, ranged from 12.7% for 16:0 and 18.9% for 18:1ω9 to 68% for 22:6ω3 and about 100% for 20:5ω3. Those of 20:4ω6, 18:2ω6 and 18:3ω3 were 28.0, 33.0 and 37.3%, respectively. Because of the large CV biol and the many dietary changes in recent history, it seems impossible to consider the present human milk FA composition as the ‘gold standard’ for infant formula. Optimal human milk FA composition should rather derive from populations that consume traditional diets or from the scientific data that show the function of the individual FAs in neonatal development.
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