Abstract
Damage caused by weevils or bruchids in mesquite plants (Prosopis laevigata), in the municipality of Durango was established by infestation index. Immature and mature pods were obtained from 22 bushes during the months of June to September 2013. The pods were placed in emergence chambers, maintained at a temperature of 35±2°C and 70±10% RH, until adults were obtained. In June, 1,761 immature pods were obtained of which 76% were damaged (perforations); in August 713 mature pods were obtained with 90% damage. Observed bruchids species feeding on the pods and seed of mesquite were Algarobius prosopis and Mimosestes amicus (Bruchinae) with relative abundance of 76 and 19% respectively and an average infestation index of 83,2% on pods. Natural enemies that were present were the parasitoids Urosigalphus sp. (Braconidae) and Horismenus missouriensis (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) with 2% relative abundance. From the total 105 pods damaged by insects, 1, 188 seeds had 69, 2% bruchid damage. Bruchids control is necessary in order to be able to obtain benefits from the mesquite pods and this can be done mainly through parasitoids that are associated with them. This electronic document is a “live” template. The various components of your paper [title, text, tables, figures and references] are already defined on the style sheet, as illustrated by the portions given in this document.
Highlights
The Prosopis genus has approximately 45 species distributed in the arid and semi-arid areas of America, Africa and West Asia (Burkart, 1976; Palacios et al, 2000); of these, 43 species are found in America in two large regions: Mexico-Texas and Argentina-ParaguayChile (Carrillo, 2006; Loeza, 2007)
In Mexico, 15 species have been reported distributed in 26 States (Arellano, 1996; Carrillo, 2006; Palacios, 2006; Ruiz, 2011; Garcia-Andrade et al, 2013) and of these, two species are located in Durango: Prosopis glandulosa Torr and P. laevigata (Willd) M.C
What insects are causing this damage to the pods and a seed is unknown and the objective of this study was to identify the bruchid species, as well as assess the damage done, by means of the Infestation Index of mesquite pods and seeds, in the Ejido Aquiles Serdan of the Durango Municipality
Summary
The Prosopis genus has approximately 45 species distributed in the arid and semi-arid areas of America, Africa and West Asia (Burkart, 1976; Palacios et al, 2000); of these, 43 species are found in America in two large regions: Mexico-Texas and Argentina-ParaguayChile (Carrillo, 2006; Loeza, 2007). In Mexico, 15 species have been reported distributed in 26 States (Arellano, 1996; Carrillo, 2006; Palacios, 2006; Ruiz, 2011; Garcia-Andrade et al, 2013) and of these, two species are located in Durango: Prosopis glandulosa Torr and P. laevigata (Willd) M.C. Johnst). This last one is found in 15 States of the Mexican Republic In this country, mesquite and carob species are known for their ecological distribution, evolution, economic, social and ethnobotanical importance, amongst others (Meza and Osuna, 2003; Díaz et al, 2004; Carrillo, 2006; Alvarez and Villagra, 2009; Ruiz, 2011). There have been losses of this resource and economic yield reduction due to over-harvesting, human impingement on the habitat, fires, climatic change and lack of a management plan, which in turn causes weakening of the mesquite making it vulnerable to pests and diseases (Flores-Flores et al, 2006; Rodriguez et al, 2014)
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