Abstract
Land Surface Temperature (LST) is one of the important indicators to understand the spatial changes and surface processes on the earth surface that leads to actual assessment of environmental quality from local to global scales. The relation between spatial analysis of the land surface temperature and existing land use/land cover changes is important to evaluate the climate processes. Monitoring of this relation in the arid and semi-arid regions is necessary to make an appropriate decision about Land surface temperature and environmental status. In this paper, generally the split-window algorithm is used to estimate LST from thermal bands of the Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques as well as meteorological data through Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The results show the relationships between land use types and land surface temperature. MODIS data were analyzed. The relationship between MODIS and Landsat data temperature is moderate relation and the (R2 = 0.5109) according on 200 random points were selected. This research concludes that the maximum temperatures of the land use types in MODIS and Landsat data for the rock formation are 59° and 45° respectively, whereas the maximum temperatures of the geological formation in MODIS and Landsat data for the basalt are 59° and 45° respectively. In conclusion, the MODIS and Landsat OLI and TIRS Data have high ability to distinguish the land use types. The correlation coefficient of the relation between the surface temperature with rock was (R2 = 0.6197). Therefore, it is found that there is an ability to monitor the spatial and temporal changes for land surface temperature and thus it can be useful to environmental studies.
Highlights
Global environmental processes to understand climate changes has been studied for over a decade using Land Surface Temperature considered as a good indicator to monitor physical properties of surface processes and climate changes for this reason LST is an important model of the energy balance at the surface, which means that the LST has a significant role to the effect on environmental processes [1] [2] [3] [4] and this effect occurs in the land surface by different natural and human activities
This study aims at using spectral remote sensing data (TIRS and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data) to estimate Land surface temperature in relation to Land use types and geological formation in northeast Jordan
The spectral indices are applied to carry out equations of LST, the land use type is extracted from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI), MODIS is used as reference data, all these were used to estimate land surface temperature
Summary
LST has a significant impact on analyzing the environmental issues such as urban heat islands, soil moisture, urban heat islands and vegetation which play role in exchanging bioprocesses of water and energy between land surface and air [1] [5]-[10], which are related to the surface temperature (surface heat) [5]. This leads to having different land-use/cover types or surface materials which have several effects on LST from local to global scales. LST is investigated by meteorological data, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) one of the most remote sensing data range which is considered one of the important meteorological data from space, where MODIS used to evaluate estimated LST from TIRS of Landsat
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