Abstract
Shallow groundwater is considered an important water resource to meet crop irrigation demands. However, limited information is available on the application of models to investigate the impact of irrigation schedules on shallow groundwater depth and estimate evaporation while considering the interaction between meteorological factors and the surface soil water content (SWC). Based on the Richards equation, we develop a model to simultaneously estimate crop water consumption of shallow groundwater and determine the optimal irrigation schedule in association with a shallow groundwater depth. A new soil evaporation function was established, and the control factors were calculated by using only the days after sowing. In this study, two irrigation scheduling methods were considered. In Method A, irrigation was managed based on the soil water content; in Method B, irrigation was based on the crop water demand. In comparison with Method B, Method A was more rational because it could use more groundwater, and the ratio of soil evaporation to total evapotranspiration was low. In this model, the interaction between meteorological factors and the SWC was considered to better reflect the real condition; therefore, the model provided a better way to estimate the crop water consumption.
Highlights
Introduction and Dimitris KarpouzosWater scarcity is a great concern for irrigation agriculture worldwide
One type of irrigation scheduling is based on evapotranspiration demand, and another is based on the soil water content of the root zone [5]
A model was developed to quantify cotton water consumption and to estimate a suitable irrigation schedule according to the groundwater depth (1.0–4.0 m)
Summary
Introduction and Dimitris KarpouzosWater scarcity is a great concern for irrigation agriculture worldwide. More than half of the farmland in the world exists in arid and semiarid regions [1]. Irrigation is essential to crop production in arid regions and plays an important role in crop water demands throughout the world. The site-specific application of irrigation water within a field improves water use efficiency and reduces water usage for sustainable crop production, especially in arid and semiarid regions [2]. Rational irrigation scheduling is essential to irrigation management, and many irrigation scheduling studies have been performed in arid regions [3,4,5]. Shallow groundwater exists in many areas of the world [6], and some farmlands are irrigated with shallow groundwater in arid regions
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