Abstract
To identify discriminatory attitudes in two moments of the Brazilian HIV/AIDS epidemic, as well as the occurrence of possible changes. The Intention of Discrimination Index was obtained by scoring 1 for discriminatory situations or 0, when the opposite was the case. Intention of discrimination ranges were established by means of the clustering technique, and made compatible between the 1998 and 2005 surveys. Mean comparisons, chi-square test and ordered logit adjusted regression models were used to verify association between the index and socio-demographic variables. Between the 1998 and 2005 surveys, there was a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of people who answered "yes" to anti-HIV test's being mandatory in the following cases: admission for employment, before getting married, when joining the military service, drug users, foreigners entering the country, sex professionals, and for all the people. To have lower level of education, to be female, to live in the North/Northeast regions of Brazil, and to be aged over 45 years are factors associated with higher intention of discrimination level. The growth of intention of discrimination shows that information about ways of AIDS transmission and non-transmission still needs to be better planned and promoted, especially among populations that have lower level of education, live in the North/Northeast regions, are female and aged over 45 years.
Highlights
Stigma and discrimination associated with HIV/AIDS may reduce/hinder one’s search for a test, due to fear of the results, as well as the search for adequate treatment in health services after confirmation of positive serology.[8,9,10]In Brazil, population surveys have enabled the assessment of some discriminatory opinions in relation to HIV, and the magnitude of this problem.Usual stigma definitionsa somewhat express the strength of the meanings that have been attributed to stigma as regards people affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic.a The Aurélio Portuguese Dictionary describes the word “stigma” as follows: noun.1
To have lower level of education, to be female, to live in the North/Northeast regions of Brazil, and to be aged over 45 years are factors associated with higher intention of discrimination level
The growth of intention of discrimination shows that information about ways of AIDS transmission and non-transmission still needs to be better planned and promoted, especially among populations that have lower level of education, live in the North/Northeast regions, are female and aged over 45 years
Summary
Stigma and discrimination associated with HIV/AIDS may reduce/hinder one’s search for a test, due to fear of the results, as well as the search for adequate treatment in health services after confirmation of positive serology.[8,9,10]. Usual stigma definitionsa somewhat express the strength of the meanings that have been attributed to stigma as regards people affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic. Discrimination and HIV/AIDS Garcia S et al Throughout history, other diseases have been stigmatized, such as the Black Death in the 14th century and the cholera in the 19th century. The nature of the AIDS epidemic, its dynamics, reach, specific characteristics, and moral issues involved pose challenges to the field of knowledge and intervention. This, in its turn, requires quick and adequate responses with an effective impact on the design of strategies to fight stigma and its consequences
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