Esthetic reconstruction of traumatic defects by plastic surgery

Abstract

The primary goal is preservation of the affected extremity, which can be associated with limitations in tasks relevant for daily life and adistorted body image caused by the original trauma. Therefore, asecondary goal is to reduce the trauma sequelae. For an esthetic outcome the choice of flap surgery is crucial. Factors such as tissue thickness, skin color, and hair covering need to be considered. The flap should blend seamlessly with the tissue surrounding the defect. The localization and closure of the defect are also important. The flaps undergo vascular, lymphatic and trophic postoperative changes caused by the so-called autonomization. Measures, such as compression therapy reshape the microcirculation and result in volume reduction of the transplant. It is important to preoperatively educate patients about this process. After completion of the conditioning surgical thinning procedures are available for persistent unattractive results, e.g., open surgical and liposuction techniques. Microsurgical defect coverage of traumatic skin and soft tissue defects is acompromise between limb preservation and functionality. In cases of missing local soft tissue, secure closure of the defect should be prioritized but initial esthetic considerations should also influence the choice of tissue transplant. Patients should be informed early about the development of the flap surgery and undergo postoperative compression therapy for conditioning. Secondary operative corrections are also possible.