Abstract
1. In steel-on-steel friction in a four-ball machine, oil additives of the sulfur-containing phosphorus acid ester type are not greatly superior to sulfur-free esters as regards antiseizing and antiwear properties. 2. Among the esters investigated,the best antiseizing properties are displayed by acid esters and trialkyl trithiophosphite. Complete esters are good antiwear additives, but do not greatly reduce the stringency of seizing, which has a violent character at moderate loads. 3. In the oxidation of oils, complete esters of phosphoric, phosphorous, and thiophosphorous acids are antioxidizers, whereas their acid esters and complete esters of phosphinic acid are strong oxidizers. 4. Acid esters of phosphorous and dithiophosphoric acids and phosphinites can cause corrosion of nonferrous alloys. 5. In the selection of phosphorus-containing additives for oils, account must be taken of not only their antiwear and antiseizing properties, but also their thermochemical stability, antioxidizing properties, and corrosion activity with respect to metals.
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