Abstract
Commonly, organicians used various technical like pressurized extraction, solvent extraction to extract essential oils and to isolate thereafter organics molecules in a vegetable organism. This new method consisted in extracting selectively and directly the organic molecules present in a vegetable organism, in this case the organic molecules present in pumpkin pips by esterification with citric acid molecules which were not only esterified by the alcohols and amines functions of the organic molecules present in the vegetable organism but also they esterified, by its alcohol functions, the acid function of the organic molecules present in the same vegetable organism. Operating conditions and procedure were taken into account and these allow us to reach an esterification rate equals to 72.80% at the most. Thus, esters of citric acid and esters of organic molecules’ acid present in the pumpkin pips in quantities but also with quality were obtained. The presence of xanthophyll esters, riboflavin esters, citric acid esters, well quality fatty-acid esters and probably amides of citric acid molecules were certain. That led us to do auto-inflammation tests of hydrocarbons (Super-Gasoil-Fueloil) with esters of pumpkin pips’ organic molecules as additives. Finally, trying to separate the organic molecules having been esterified or esterifying with the citric acid molecules, hydrolysis reaction tests were carried out with a regeneration rate of citric acid molecules equal to 36.50% compared with the initial citric acid molecules quantities and 50.14% compared with the total ester quantity of the sample. The extraction of pumpkin pips’ organic molecules like xanthophyll, riboflavin, well quality fatty-acids and probably other interesting organic molecules according to the bibliography were certain.
Highlights
The first step of tests was the esterification reaction which consisted to esterify the acid function of the citric acid molecules by pumpkin pips’ organic molecules and to esterify the acid functions of the organic molecules by the citric acid molecules’ alcohol functions
In the middle of Phase 1 and Phase 2, there was the third phase (Phase 3) characterized by fine layers of initially white-yellow strips more or less soluble in the aqueous phase (Phase 2) but attracted progressively in the vicinity of the dichloromethane polar solvent. These results confirmed the esterification of pumpkin pips organic molecules, a part was water soluble ester obtained by esterification of the one carboxylic citric acid with pKa1 (3.14) with alcohol function of organic molecules extracted (Figure 4 - Table 7 – [18]) and by esterification of pumpkin pips fatty-acid by the citric acid molecules alcohol function (Figure 3)
It was seen previously that pumpkin pips’ organic molecules esterified with citric acid molecules solution contained probably oxygenated nitrogenized compounds (§3.3 -§3.4) and light short chain fatty-acid with carbon quantity between five and eight in chains (§3.4.2 §5.1 - §5.2.4) like “pentane plus” which were very top quality liquids [55]
Summary
The first step of tests was the esterification reaction which consisted to esterify the acid function of the citric acid molecules by pumpkin pips’ organic molecules and to esterify the acid functions of the organic molecules by the citric acid molecules’ alcohol functions. Esters with citric acid molecules of pumpkin pips’ organic molecules were obtained. The organoleptic and refractometry characterization followed by bibliographical study of the esters solution obtained allowed us to think that it would be interesting to use it like additive of hydrocarbons used usually (super, gasoil and fueloil). Hydrolysis procedures of the three phases of esters with citric acid molecules were elaborate in order to recover the polar and non-polar organic molecules effectively. These organic molecules were characterized by basic usual chemical and physical methods like refractometry, acid value, saponification value and ester value. For the citric acid, the acids and basics forms according to the pKa and pH were showed in the following Table 1: 2. Citric Acid and Pumpkin Pips General Points
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