Estados de comportamiento fetal en gestantes con diabetes pregestacional y gestacional

Abstract

Objective To evaluate the characteristics of fetal behavioral states in pregestational and gestational diabetic pregnancies. Material and method We compared the results obtained in a control group consisting of 20 physiological pregnancies with 20 type 1 diabetic pregnancies and 20 gestational diabetic pregnancies. Ocular activity, body movements and patterns of fetal cardiac frequency on ultrasound and kinetocardiotocography were simultaneously recorded. The time spent by the fetuses in behavioral or coincident states, ability to establish stable behavioral states and behavioral stability were evaluated at weeks 36-37, 38 and 39 of pregnancy. Results Fetuses in the type 1 diabetic group spent less time in quiet sleeping rate (significant at 38 weeks), more time in states of behavioral incoordination, and showed a greater number of changes in state (significant at 39 weeks) than control group fetuses. Fetuses in the type 1 diabetic group also showed an overall inability to establish stable behavioral states (significant at weeks 36-37 and 38). Fetuses in the gestational diabetes group showed similar alterations, but differences with the control group were not statistically significant. Conclusions Type 1 diabetes is associated with a lesser fetal ability to establish stable behavioral states.